“安徽反省院”研究（1927-1938）

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:34

本文关键词：“安徽反省院”研究（1927-1938）　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1927年南京国民政府建立前后,蒋介石等国民党激进分子大肆屠杀共产党员,“宁可错杀一千,不可放走一个”,一时之间,血流成河。此种惨绝人寰的大屠杀政策,暴露了国民党的本性,同时也削弱了国民党的统治基业。事实上,虽然共产党的活动暂时陷入低潮,但共产党人并没有被消灭,其地下活动逐步恢复,同情、拥护共产党的民众也随之增加。加之,国民党左派人士邵力子、蔡元培等人的劝说,蒋介石一改大屠杀政策,采纳二陈的建议,转而施行一种“不杀人”的洗脑办法,即在全国设立“反省院”,将捉到的“赤匪”关进“反省院”中,“吾日三省吾身”,对其实施所谓的感化教育,以期从根源上彻底消灭共产党,并将其转化为忠实党国的“新人”。1927年夏天,浙江为处置清查被捕在押罪情较轻的“反动分子”,正式在辖区内建立浙江“反省院”,这是近代中国第一个以“反省”、“感化”政治犯为目的的特别监狱机构。随即,国民政府制订颁行《反省院条例》,对“反省院”的建立及其组织机构做出了系统的规定。1931年,“反省院”在全国范围内普遍设立,地域涉及江苏、安徽、浙江、广东、河北等省份。安徽“反省院”是国民政府最早设立的“反省院”之一,最初建立在安庆饮马塘监狱内,后又搬迁至黄家狮陆军监狱,其中关押了大批共产党人和进步人士包括任弼时、王步文、柳毅夫等人。安徽“反省院”作为国民政府在安徽地区关押政治犯的特设监狱机构,其运行机制不同于其他普通监狱,它根据“反省人”的智识程度,将他们分门别类,施行系统完备的感化教育。根据《反省院条例》的规定,安徽“反省院”下设训育、管理及总务三科,由评判委员会负责审议反省人出入院事宜。“反省院”通过举办总理纪念周、党义研究会及“反省人”自治新村等形式来感化反省人,还编辑出版书刊,宣传三民主义,批驳共产主义及第三国际。此外,“反省院”还通过制订《安徽反省院管理图书规则》、《安徽反省院寝室规则》等细则,在衣、食、住、行等各个领域,对反省人在院中的生活做出详尽规定,严格控制反省人的活动。当然,大部分反省人并不甘于束缚,他们采取种种巧妙而隐蔽的方式,在“反省院”内成立狱中地下党组织,互相串联,传递消息,消极对待院方的感化教育,在狱中传播了共产主义思想,团结了一批进步人士,为中共在安徽地区更好的开展活动奠定了基础。“反省院”院方与“反省人”围绕着“假反省”活动这一主题,双方斗智斗勇,展开了针锋相对的斗争。抗战全面爆发后,国共第二次合作正式开启,在全国民众的舆论压力下,国民政府被迫答应“释放政治犯”的要求,关押在各地监狱及反省院中的“政治犯”陆续被释放出来。1938年1月1日,国防最高会议下令裁撤各地反省院,“在反省院反省之人,均准保释出院。”同年11月19日,国民政府正式下令废止《反省院条例》,反省院自此退出历史舞台。“反省院”作为国民政府监狱体系的重要组成部分,自身既带有普通监狱的共性,又带有特殊监狱的特性。研究反省院的发展演变历程,对于探析中国近代监狱体系的演变及国民政府对政治犯处置政策的转变有着重要的参考价值。
[Abstract]:In 1927 the establishment of the Nanjing national government before and after the Jiang Jieshi massacre of Kuomintang Communist militants, would rather kill one thousand, can not let go of a ", all of a sudden, a river of blood. The extremely brutal massacre policy, exposed the Kuomintang's nature, but also undermine the rule of the Kuomintang foundation. In fact, although the Communist Party temporarily low tide, but the Communist Party has not been eliminated, the underground activities gradually restored, sympathy, support the Communist Party of the people also increased. In addition, the Kuomintang leftists persuaded Shao Lizi, Cai Yuanpei et al., Jiang Jieshi changed the Holocaust policy suggestions to the implementation of the adoption of Chen, a" no kill "brainwashing way, namely in the country the establishment of" anti crime ", caught in the" red bandit "in" anti crime "," I three times daily, on the implementation of the so-called reformatory education, in order to From the root to completely destroy the Communist Party, and transformed into the "new" loyal party in the summer of.1927, Zhejiang for the disposal of inventory in view of lighter arrested "reactionaries", the official in the area of the establishment of Zhejiang ", this is the modern anti crime" China first "reflection", "political reform" made for the purpose of the special prison organization. Then, the national government enacted regulations on School > < reflection, "the establishment and organization of anti crime" has made the system specified in.1931, "anti crime" generally set up in the country, Anhui, Zhejiang city of Jiangsu, Guangdong, Anhui, Hebei and other provinces. The "anti crime" is the earliest national government to set up a "house of correction", was originally set up in Anqing after the Tang Yin Ma prison, Huang moved to Jiashi army prison, which held a large number of Communists and progressives including Ren Bishi, Wang This step, Liu Yi Fu et al. Anhui "anti crime" as the national government held the ad hoc prison organization of political prisoners in the Anhui area, its operation mechanism is different from other ordinary prison, according to the "reflection" of the intellectual level, they will be arranged, the implementation of a complete system of sense of education. According to the provisions of the Ordinance on "Anhui," anti crime "under the discipline, management and general evaluation committee responsible for the examination by three, people reflect on admission matters." organized by the provincial hospital "the prime minister's memorial week, the party will" reflect on and research of the meaning of "autonomous village and other forms of action reflection, also edited and published books, publicity principles, criticism of communism and the three international. In addition, the" anti crime "through the development of Anhui Academy of management books reflect < Rules >, < Anhui > rules reflect on court rules, in the clothing, food, housing, and other fields, to reflect on the people in In life to make detailed provisions, strictly control the reflection of people's activities. Of course, most people are not willing to reflect on the bound, they take all kinds of clever and subtle way, in the "anti crime" was established within the prison party organization, in tandem, the message, the negative attitude of reformatory education, the spread of communism in prison a group of people, unity and progress, laid the foundation for the Communist Party of China in the Anhui area to better carry out the "anti crime activities. The" and "reflection" around the theme of "false reflection" activities, both wits, launched a tit for Tat struggle. After the outbreak of Anti Japanese War, the second cooperation officially opened in the country, under the pressure of public opinion, the national government was forced to agree to the release of political prisoners ", held in various prisons and reflection in the courtyard" political prisoners "have been released.1938 1 On Sept. 1, the highest National Congress ordered the abolition of all reflection "in the hospital, hospital who were searching introspection, bail out of the hospital." in November 19th of the same year, the national government officially ordered the abolition of school regulations > < reflection, reflection of exit the stage of history. Since the "anti crime" as an important part of the national government of the prison system. Is a common prison in common, and with special characteristics in prison. Development of Research Institute for introspection, evolution and national government of modern prison system Chinese has important reference value for the transformation of political prisoners policy.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K263

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