略论“清末三屠”对中国早期近代化的影响

发布时间：2018-01-19 01:13

本文关键词： 清末三屠工业化民主化人的自我解放　出处：《齐齐哈尔大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：清末正是站在了中国近代与古代的交汇处，，又恰好赶到中国被世界全面融合的潮头。只有剖析那时的典型人物，才能把准这一变局的走势。清代末年权势最为显赫的封疆大吏有三：湖广总督张之洞，两广总督岑春煊，直隶总督袁世凯，时人称之为三屠。本文以他们每个人的特点入手进行立体式分析，然后将这三位屠人带入中国近代化这一平面，使之与以工业化为先导、以民主化为进程，人的解放为目的中国近代化三个典型特征相印证，相辨别。首先，笔者通过分析张之洞的“中体西用”提出入手并证明“清流”是不可能以对等视觉去看待商人。因此，他们不具备将中国传统的农耕文明切换成西方化的现代工业文明的能力。这样一来“清流”兴办“洋务”就是大清朝廷的时尚而又奢侈的摆放品。所以，很轻易的就可以得出结论：张之洞有其“善”，但是此善非真善。实为善大清而非善天下也！其次，笔者中国的官场文化底色起笔，用“清末三屠”仕途之路看迫切中国近代开启的民主化艰辛。以岑春煊那富有传奇色彩的的仕途履历，得出岑春煊大力整治贪官相对客观的初衷。并且在文中对比岑春煊与张之洞在吏治上的不同，使我们认知出从“官僚”到“诤臣”之间距离。又以此得出岑春煊的反腐其实是一场与“自己”的战斗，无论怎样他都不可能是胜利的一方。并且我们也深刻的剖析出了岑春煊做为爱新觉罗家奴的本质。所以得出结论岑春煊有其“敢”，但是此敢非真敢。实为敢大清而非敢天下也！接着，笔者再抛出对于袁世凯的史学上一些较新的观点，在谈自我对这些新论理解的同时，分辨出袁世凯在响应辛亥革命推翻帝制等一些事迹是对中国近代化在走势上是有益的，他又在推翻帝制后颠覆辛亥革命的胜利果实复辟称帝等这些事情上是对中国近代化有害的。根据真实的历史事件深入剖析袁世凯的内心想法和动机后并得出：袁世凯有其“能”，但是此能非真能。实为能自己而非能天下也！最后让我们用一句话来概括这三位屠人作为结束：清末三屠对于中国早期近代化在客观上是起到了积极促进的作用但是在其主观观念上则是对近代化进行抑制的。
[Abstract]:The late Qing Dynasty stood at the intersection of modern China and ancient times, and happened to arrive at the tide of China being fully integrated by the world. Only by analyzing the typical characters at that time. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were three most powerful officials: Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Huguang, Cen Chunxuan, Governor of Guangdong, and Yuan Shikai, Governor of Zhili. This article starts with the characteristics of each of them to carry out a three-dimensional analysis, and then bring the three butchers into the plane of modernization of China, so as to take industrialization as the forerunner and democratization as the process. The liberation of human beings confirms and distinguishes the three typical characteristics of modernization of China. First of all, the author through the analysis of Zhang Zhidong's "the use of Chinese and Western" put forward and prove that "Qing Liu" is impossible to look at businessmen with equal vision. They did not have the ability to switch the traditional Chinese farming civilization to the modern industrial civilization of westernization. Thus, "Qing Liu" set up "Westernization" was the fashionable and extravagant display of the Qing dynasty. It is easy to draw the conclusion: Zhang Zhidong has its "good", but this good is not true. Secondly, the author of the official culture of China started to write, with the "late Qing Dynasty, three slaughtering" official path to see the urgency of modern China to open the democratization hardships, with Cen Chunxuan that the legendary career resume. Cen Chunxuan made great efforts to rectify corrupt officials relatively objective original intention. And in the text to compare Cen Chunxuan and Zhang Zhidong on the different in the administration of officials. It makes us realize the distance between "bureaucrats" and "ministers" and draws a conclusion that Cen Chunxuan's anti-corruption is actually a battle with "himself". No matter how he can not be the party to victory. And we also deeply analyze the nature of Cen Chunxuan as a family slave of new Jue Luo. So we can draw the conclusion that Cen Chunxuan has his "courage". But this dares not really dares. Actually dares the big Qing Dynasty but not dares the world also! Then, the author puts forward some relatively new viewpoints on Yuan Shikai's historiography, while talking about his understanding of these new theories. It is beneficial to the modernization of China to distinguish some deeds of Yuan Shikai in response to the Revolution of 1911 to overthrow the emperor. He was also harmful to the modernization of China in such matters as the victorious fruits of the overthrow of the Revolution of 1911 and the restoration of the fruits of the Revolution of 1911 after the overthrow of the monarchy. According to the real historical events, he deeply analyzed Yuan Shikai's inner thoughts and motives and came to the conclusion:. Yuan Shikai has his "ability". But this can not be true. Really can own and not can the world also! Finally, let us conclude by summing up the three butchers in one sentence:. In the late Qing Dynasty, Santu played a positive role in promoting the early modernization of China objectively, but restrained modernization in its subjective concept.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K252

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