商会与审判机构:清末民初商事纠纷调解关系考

发布时间：2018-01-24 21:45

本文关键词： 清末民初商事纠纷商会官商(会)互动　出处：《江西社会科学》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：清末民初时期的商会调解主要有"官批民调"和"邀请调解"两种基本模型,官批民调是在传统民间调解和官府调解之外生成的一种特殊的调解形式,其包含了官府(审判机构)和民间在纠纷处理上的互动,呈现出半官半民属性,邀请调解同样蕴含了官方与民间的互动合作关系,但二者在主导方式和调解程序方面存在明显差异。通过历史考证得知,促成官商(会)互动合作的主要因素有:"调解偏好"的社会治理结构与理念为官商(会)互动提供了前提条件;"重刑轻民"的司法体制为官商(会)互动提供了切入机会;商会调解优势为官商(会)互动提供了现实基础;统治压力驱动下的"振商"运动是推动官商(会)互动向制度化方向发展的直接因素。清末民初商会与审判机构互动的制度创设和实践样态,可为当前的法院与商会联动调解实践提供有益参考。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there were two basic models of Chamber of Commerce mediation: "official approval poll" and "invitation mediation", which was a special form of mediation in addition to traditional folk mediation and government mediation. It contains the interaction between the government (the judicial organ) and the folk in the settlement of disputes, showing the semi-official and semi-civil attribute, and inviting mediation also contains the interactive and cooperative relationship between the government and the people. However, there are obvious differences between them in the leading mode and mediation procedure. The main factors contributing to the interaction and cooperation between the government and the businessmen are as follows: the social governance structure and concept of "mediation preference" provide the precondition for the interaction between the officials and businessmen; The judicial system of "heavy punishment neglects the people" provides an opportunity for the interaction between government and business. The advantage of Chamber of Commerce mediation provides a realistic foundation for the interaction between government and business. The "vibrate quotient" movement driven by the ruling pressure is the direct factor to promote the development of the interaction between the government and the merchants (associations) towards the institutionalization. The system creation and practice of the interaction between the Chamber of Commerce and the judicial institutions in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It can provide a useful reference for the current practice of court and chamber of commerce.
【作者单位】：广州大学松田学院法政系;澳门科技大学;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“商会调处商事纠纷法律问题研究”(13BFX100) 广州市社科规划项目“广州市商会与法院联动调解商事纠纷的法律问题研究”(穗社规办[2014]7号)
【分类号】：K25
【正文快照】： 一、前言在中国法律史上,第一个正式的商会组织是建立于1904年的上海商务总会,在其建立之前,商会的前身即以各色公所、会馆为主要形式的封建行会。封建行会对商事纠纷往往采取“公议”方式,这在中国商事调解的发展历史中占据了重要地位。商会成立后,商会调解被纳入正式制度的

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