拨乱反正时期的英模文化研究（1976-1982）

发布时间：2018-01-31 19:48

本文关键词： 英模平民英雄观拨乱反正文化大革命改革开放　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：泱泱五千年的中华历史，英才辈出，前仆后继，记录了一幅幅令人难忘的英模画面，留下了许多弥足珍贵的精神财富。几千年来形成的中华民族精神，早已渗透到中国人的思维方式和日常行动中。英雄模范所展现出的崇高理想和献身精神，使他们成为引领时代前进，推动社会进步的先锋旗帜。时势造就英模，时代需要英模，这是社会进步之必然，之必需。英模是时代的产物，它直接或间接地折射着一个国家或是民族、一个社会或是团体的人文精神和价值取向。一直以来，对于英模人物的研究，人们多是将其视为一种政治环境，从思想教育、政治宣传等角度来认识，而较少的将其视为一种社会文化现象来进行理性的学术解读。拨乱反正是党和政府为纠正文化大革命错误，改变当时国内混乱局面，使国内局势趋于稳定而进行的一场政治改革。它作为社会主义时期全党工作实现伟大转折的前奏和开端，在党的历史上占有重要的地位，具有鲜明的历史转型特色。这一时期党和政府对“文革”时期的英模人物进行了拨乱反正，同时也对涌现出的大量的英模人物进行了表彰和宣传，像对越自卫反击战中的英雄、优秀的科学家等等。通过对这些英模人物的归类整理，以英模人物谱系为切入点，从历史和现实的角度对构成英模文化的主体进行解读，从而揭示这一时期英模文化形成与发展的社会机制。树立英模典型在中国已绝不是仅仅意味着一种普通的宣传方式，英模文化对中国社会有着深远的影响。“文革”结束后，经过党和全国人民的努力，我国实现了以阶级斗争为纲到以经济建设为重心的重大战略转移，对中国历史上的若干失误和错误进行了全面纠正，扭转了国内混乱的局面。英模文化也逐步走上正轨，进入复苏期，并在社会主义现代化国家的建设中发挥了重要的作用。英模文化是一种具有正面示范和激励功能的文化形态，也是一种极具中国特色的社会文化，是人民大众的文化，具有普世性的特点。结合拨乱反正这一时代背景，英模文化还表现出一些新变化和新特色：英模人物类型多样化；对英模人物报道的真实性得到一定的回归；英模文化的宣传方式得到进一步发展；对于英模人物的报道宣传，受众参与度提高等等。英模文化具有积极的社会效应，但是由于受到时代的局限，也不可避免的带有一定的缺陷。通过对英模文化各个方面详细的分析，，认识和理解这一特殊历史时期的文化形态，进而尝试构建中共倡导的英模文化史学体系，深入探讨中共主流意识形态的流变。这一时期英模文化的考察和研究，对于中国特色社会主义新文化模式的构建及中国特色社会主义的精神文明建设也具有深刻的理论价值和现实意义。
[Abstract]:After five thousand years of Chinese history, great talents have emerged in large numbers, recording an unforgettable picture of the English model, leaving behind many precious spiritual wealth. The Chinese nation has been formed for thousands of years. It has long permeated the Chinese way of thinking and daily action. The lofty ideals and dedication shown by the heroic models make them the vanguard of leading the times and promoting social progress. The times bring up the English model, which is the necessity of the social progress. The English model is the product of the times, which directly or indirectly reflects a country or a nation. The humanistic spirit and value orientation of a society or a group. For a long time, people regard the study of English model characters as a kind of political environment, from the angle of ideological education, political propaganda and so on. Less regard it as a social and cultural phenomenon to conduct rational academic interpretation. In order to correct the mistakes of the Cultural Revolution, the Party and the government changed the chaotic situation in the country at that time. A political reform to stabilize the domestic situation. As a prelude to a great turning point in the work of the whole Party during the socialist period, it occupies an important position in the history of the Party. During this period, the Party and the government carried out the rectification of the English model figures in the "Cultural Revolution" period, and also praised and propagated a large number of English model figures that emerged. Such as the heroes, excellent scientists and so on in the counter-attack of self-defense against Vietnam. Through the classification of these British characters, the genealogy of the British model characters as the entry point. From the perspective of history and reality, this paper interprets the main body of the English model culture, thus revealing the social mechanism of the formation and development of the English model culture in this period. Setting up a typical English model in China has not only meant an ordinary way of propaganda, but also has a profound impact on Chinese society. After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", the Party and the people throughout the country worked hard. China has realized a major strategic shift from class struggle to economic construction, and has comprehensively corrected a number of mistakes and mistakes in China's history. The British model culture is on the right track step by step, entering the period of resuscitation, and has played an important role in the construction of the socialist modern country. English model culture is a positive demonstration and incentive function of the cultural form, is also a very Chinese characteristics of the social culture, is the people's culture. Combined with the background of setting things right, the English model culture also shows some new changes and new features: the diversity of the types of English models; The truthfulness of the English model figures' reports is returned to a certain extent; The propaganda mode of English model culture has been further developed; To the British model personage's report propaganda, the audience participation enhances and so on. English model culture has positive social effects, but due to the limitations of the times, it inevitably has certain defects. Through the detailed analysis of various aspects of English model culture. To understand and understand the cultural form of this special historical period, and then try to construct the historical system of English model culture advocated by the Communist Party of China, and to probe into the evolution of the mainstream ideology of the Communist Party of China, and to investigate and study the English model culture in this period. It also has profound theoretical value and practical significance for the construction of new cultural model of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the construction of spiritual civilization with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27

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