伍廷芳与共和政治

发布时间：2018-02-01 14:12

本文关键词： 伍廷芳民主共和君主立宪　出处：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伍廷芳是中国近代史上一个重要人物,早年留学英伦,学成归国后先任职于港英政府,后入李鸿章幕。在充当李鸿章幕僚期间,用自己所学的国际法知识为李鸿章和清政府办理了许多交涉案件,受到李鸿章的高度赏识。李鸿章在甲午战争后下台,清政府鉴于伍廷芳的外交才能,先后两次任命他为驻美公使。伍廷芳在此期间对清政府忠心耿耿,希望清政府加快立宪步伐,摆脱民族危机,但是清廷的一系列做法令伍廷芳大为失望,心灰意冷的他最后选择了加入革命派,与其一道推翻清政府,在中国建立自己向往的民主共和制度。本文的研究就集中在晚年的伍廷芳在建立和维护共和制度所做的贡献上辛亥革命爆发后,伍廷芳受革命派之邀,出山任民军的外交代表。为了推翻专制制度,建立共和制度,伍廷芳与清廷代表唐绍仪就国体问题进行了一系列艰苦的谈判,最终在中国建立了共和制度。伍廷芳由清廷的旧官僚转变为革命党,不但被人指责为叛徒,还面临着清廷宗社党的死亡威胁,伍廷芳向他们解释了自己从追求建立君主立宪转变为民主共和的原因,同时希望他们早点加入到建设新的国家中来。中华民国建立后,伍廷芳由于与革命党的隔阂和对袁世凯的反感,选择离开了民国初年的政治舞台。离开政治舞台的伍廷芳没有闲着,有感于国人共和知识缺乏,他走进了自己的书斋,以自己留英驻美的经历,写了大量的书籍来介绍英美的政治制度,同时指出在我国应该怎样建立真正的民主共和国家。伍廷芳平静的书斋生活很快就被袁世凯称帝和张勋复辟所打破,为了维护共和制度,伍廷芳再次出山,加入到了反对袁世凯称帝和张勋复辟的斗争中来。逆历史潮流的袁世凯和张勋很快被历史抛弃,伍廷芳为了实现自己民国图治的理想,接受了黎元洪的邀请在政府任职,但事与愿违的是,民国很快陷入各派军阀无休止的争斗中。伍廷芳为了维护真正的民主共和制度,和孙中山一起既反对北方军阀又反对南方军阀,最后积劳成疾,病死于讨伐陈炯明的炮火声中。伍廷芳早年帮助清廷君主立宪,对清廷失望后,转而追求民主共和,伍廷芳生命的最后十年为建立和维护共和,南北奔波,最后可以说为此而献身。
[Abstract]:Wu Ting-fang is an important figure in the modern history of China. He studied in England in his early years, worked for the British Hong Kong government after returning to China, and then entered Li Hongzhang. With his knowledge of international law, he handled many cases for Li Hongzhang and the Qing government, which was highly appreciated by Li Hongzhang, who stepped down after the Sino-Japanese War of 1895. The Qing government, in view of Wu Tingfang's diplomatic talent. Wu Tingfang was appointed minister to the United States twice. During this period, Wu Ting-fang was loyal to the Qing government, hoping that the Qing government would accelerate the pace of constitutionalism and get rid of the national crisis. However, a series of measures by the Qing government greatly disappointed Wu Ting-fang. Frustrated, he finally chose to join the revolutionaries and overthrow the Qing government with them. This paper focuses on Wu Ting-fang 's contribution to the establishment and maintenance of the Republican system in his later years. After the Revolution of 1911, Wu Ting-fang was invited by the revolutionaries to appoint the diplomatic representatives of the people's army. In order to overthrow the autocratic system and establish the Republican system. Wu Ting-fang and Qing Dynasty representative Tang Shaoyi held a series of arduous negotiations on the national system, and finally established a Republican system in China. Wu Ting-fang was not only accused of being a traitor, but also a revolutionary party from the old bureaucrat of the Qing Dynasty. Facing death threats from the Qing Dynasty, Wu Ting-fang explained to them the reasons for his transition from a constitutional monarchy to a democratic republic, and hoped that they would join the building of a new country sooner. After the founding of the Republic of China, Wu Ting-fang, because of his estrangement from the Revolutionary Party and his antipathy to Yuan Shikai, chose to leave the political stage of the early years of the Republic of China. Feeling the lack of Republican knowledge, he went into his study, wrote a large number of books to introduce the political system of Britain and the United States with his own experience in the United Kingdom and the United States. At the same time, it points out how to establish a real democratic republic in our country. Wu Ting-fang 's quiet life in the study was soon broken by Yuan Shikai's title of emperor and Zhang Xun's restoration. In order to maintain the Republican system, Wu Ting-fang came out again. Join in the struggle against Yuan Shikai and the restoration of Zhang Xun. Against the trend of history, Yuan Shikai and Zhang quickly abandoned by history, Wu Tingfang in order to achieve his ideal of the Republic of China. Accepting Li Yuanhong's invitation to serve in the government, the Republic of China was quickly caught up in an endless struggle between warlords. Wu Ting-fang was trying to maintain a true democratic republic. Together with Sun Zhongshan, he opposed both the northern and southern warlords, and eventually became ill and died of the sound of crusade against Chen. In his early years, Wu Ting-fang helped the constitutional monarchy of the Qing Dynasty, disappointed in the Qing government, and turned to pursue a democratic republic. In the last ten years of his life, Wu Ting-fang ran to the north and south for the establishment and maintenance of the republic, and in the end, he died for it.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258

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