晚清保定府灾荒与应对研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 14:01

本文关键词： 晚清保定府灾荒措施　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：晚清时期,由于气候、水文、地形等自然原因,以及战乱、匪盗等社会因素的影响,再加抗灾防灾能力和赈济效果的限制,保定府地区灾荒频仍,几乎无年不灾。其发生频率较高的灾害有水灾、旱灾、蝗灾、雹灾、风灾、地震、疫病等。由于其州县地理条件及社会因素的差异,灾害的时空分布也表现出了一定的差异性。但总体来看,该区自然灾害种类多、发生频率高、涉及范围广,并且具有多灾并发、连续性和集中性较强等特征。频繁的灾荒对该地区的社会经济生活状况造成了严重影响。譬如妨碍当地农业生产的正常、顺利进行,导致大量人口的流离和死亡,破坏物质财富和影响商业的正常运行,造成社会秩序的动荡不安等。就防灾、抗灾、赈灾而言,虽说沿袭至当时的荒政体制已较为完善,但由于荒政措施在执行过程中弊端百出,难有显著效果。当然,清政府为整顿荒政不举的状况也采取了一系列措施,保定府各级官方在这方面也有响应乃至自行尝试举措,发挥过一定积极作用。与此同时,民间自发组织的抗灾、救灾活动也有所发展,在有一定效果的同时也存在明显的局限性。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, due to natural reasons such as climate, hydrology, topography, and social factors such as war, banditry and theft, the ability to resist disasters and prevent disasters and the effect of relief were restricted. The disasters with high frequency include flood, drought, locust disaster, hail disaster, wind disaster, earthquake, epidemic disease and so on. The spatial and temporal distribution of disasters also shows some differences, but in general, there are many kinds of natural disasters in this area, high frequency, involving a wide range, and with multiple disasters concurrent. Frequent famine has a serious impact on the social and economic living conditions of the region, for example, hindering the normal and smooth progress of local agricultural production. It leads to the displacement and death of a large number of people, the destruction of material wealth and the normal operation of commerce, and the destabilization of social order, etc. In terms of disaster prevention, disaster resistance and disaster relief. Although the famine system has been more perfect, but because of the shortage of measures in the implementation process, it is difficult to have significant effect. Of course, the Qing government also took a series of measures to rectify the situation of famine administration. Baoding government at all levels in this area has also responded to and even tried to act, played a certain positive role. At the same time, civil society spontaneous organizations to combat disasters, disaster relief activities have also developed. At the same time, there are obvious limitations.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K252

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