辛亥前十年间汉奸指称的转义与泛用

发布时间：2018-02-02 10:35

本文关键词： 汉奸辛亥时期 “排满革命” 《汉奸辨》　出处：《社会科学战线》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：辛亥时期,汉奸由原指鼓动少数族人反清以及勾结外夷祸害中国的汉人,转而指替"满人"为虎作伥、残害同胞的汉人。1901年孙中山的《支那保全分割合论》是迄今所知转义最早的发端。戊戌之后,梁启超等人倾向革命,为"汉奸"转义推波助澜。《汉奸辨》区分"真汉奸"与"正色汉奸",明确"满忠"才是真汉奸,分界由与朝廷为敌变成与国民为敌。而陈家鼎的《驱满酋必先杀汉奸论》中列举的6种汉奸,可归为清朝文武汉官、保皇立宪派及假新党三类,均有实指。在强化倒满锄奸的同时,也产生了将对敌手段用于同道同党的副作用。随着锄奸言行的泛化,"汉奸"在作为对敌斗争利器的同时,部分变成打击异己的政治标签。
[Abstract]:In the period of Xin Hai, the traitors originally meant Han people who encouraged a small number of ethnic groups to oppose the Qing Dynasty and colluded with the foreigners to harm China, and instead referred to the "full man" as an enemy to the tiger. In 1901, Sun Zhongshan's "** preservation and division" is the earliest known escape. After Wuxu, Liang Qichao and others tend to revolution. The distinction between "true traitors" and "honest traitors" is to make it clear that "full loyalty" is the true traitors. The dividing line changed from being against the court to being against the people. The six kinds of traitors listed in Chen Jiading's the Theory of first killing the Chinese traitors before the Manchu chieftain could be classified into three categories: Wuhan officials in the Qing Dynasty, the constitutional school for the protection of the emperor and the fake new party. All of them have a real meaning. While strengthening the anti-enemy tactics, it has also produced the side effect of using the means against the enemy in the same way and in the same party. As the words and deeds of the pickers and traitors spread, the "traitors" were used as a sharp weapon in the struggle against the enemy. Part of it became a political label for fighting dissent.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史系;
【分类号】：K257
【正文快照】： 引言 “汉奸”一词,作为一类特定人物的专门指称,今人看来似乎不言而喻。尤其在网络世界,动辄以“汉奸”相称乃至对骂,已经成为流俗。尽管有人说叛国通敌当汉奸者以中国称最,可是,放眼中外,即使考虑到语言和翻译的差别,具有类似意识的国家、民族其实并不多见;纵观古今,有此概

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