民国时期浙江农村合作运动研究（1928-1936）

发布时间：2018-02-06 07:03

本文关键词： 合作行政市场经济信用合作社　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近代合作社不仅是市场经济的产物,它还是弱势生产者通过共同经营来改善自身经济利益或经济地位的一种经济组织。乡村社会中,在商品交换中处于“劣势”地位的农民,只有联合起来,组织各种类型的合作社,才能以集体的力量参与到市场竞争中去。合作社同市场的结合能进一步改变农业生产、收购、销售等环节受中间商人盘剥的既有格局。本文重点分析了南京国民政府时期浙江开展的合作运动,围绕着浙江如何在全省范围内建立合作行政机构展开探讨,并梳理了其变迁的整个过程。其后,在建设厅的大力推动下,浙江的合作社组织迎来了一个发展的小高峰,但在高速发展的背后,暴露出的问题也是层出不穷。由于一味地追求发展速度而导致某些合作社质量极为低劣。此外,农村对于金融资金的渴望,则直接造成了信用合作社的畸形发展。这些问题从表象上来看,似乎是经济问题,但实质上,民国乡村基层社会所特有的政治权力和社会结构才是合作运动异化的最直接诱因。为了摆脱这种困境,省政府通过派驻合作指导员和建立合作实验区的方法来规范各地的合作社组织。此外,当时的调查报告客观反映出浙江各地合作社实施的一些基本概况,总体来看,合作社的组织状况在各地并不乐观,各地方政府对合作事业的推广并不十分热情,甚至连能够尽职尽责的合作指导人员也是屈指可数。综观整个运动,其亮点主要是体现在信用合作社的组织上。信用社对农村金融的救济还是起了一定的作用,因为这种借贷在一定程度上促进了农业的生产和改良,改变了乡村传统的借贷格局。农村建立的各种类型的合作社,无论是信用、生产,还是运销、消费等社,其出发点都是希望能够借助互助合作,使得人力、物力和财力得到有效的整合,提高个体小农抗御市场风险的能力,以团体的力量来抵制商人对于农民的压榨和盘剥。
[Abstract]:Modern cooperative is not only the product of market economy, but also a kind of economic organization in rural society where the weak producers can improve their economic interests or economic status through joint operation. Peasants who are in a "disadvantaged" position in the exchange of commodities must unite to form various types of co-operatives. The combination of the cooperative and the market can further change the existing pattern of agricultural production, acquisition, sale and other links exploited by the middleman. This paper focuses on the analysis of the cooperation movement in Zhejiang during the Nanjing National Government period, focusing on the establishment of cooperative administrative agencies in Zhejiang province, and combing the whole process of its changes. Under the impetus of the construction department, the cooperative organization in Zhejiang Province ushered in a small peak of development, but behind the rapid development. The problems exposed are also endless. The pursuit of the speed of development leads to the extremely poor quality of some cooperatives. In addition, the rural desire for financial funds. These problems appear to be economic problems, but in essence. In order to get rid of this dilemma, the political power and social structure of the rural grassroots society of the Republic of China are the most direct inducement of the alienation of the cooperative movement. The provincial government standardizes cooperative organizations through the deployment of cooperative instructors and the establishment of cooperative experimental areas. In addition, the survey report at that time objectively reflects the implementation of some of the basic general situation of cooperatives in Zhejiang Province, generally speaking, the organizational situation of cooperatives in the region is not optimistic. Local governments are not enthusiastic about the promotion of partnerships, and even dedicated mentors are few. Looking at the whole movement, its bright spot is mainly reflected in the organization of the credit union, which has played a certain role in the relief of rural finance. To some extent, this kind of loan has promoted the production and improvement of agriculture and changed the traditional pattern of lending in rural areas. All kinds of cooperatives, whether credit, production, distribution or consumption, have been established in rural areas. Its starting point is to hope to be able to cooperate with each other, so that the human, material and financial resources are effectively integrated to improve the individual smallholder resilience to market risks. To resist the oppression and exploitation of the peasants by the merchants with the strength of the group.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K258

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