取新卫旧：沈葆桢的坚守与苦痛

发布时间：2018-02-07 12:16

本文关键词： 沈葆桢经世思想洋务自强保守传统　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在晚清中兴名臣中,沈葆桢以廉洁自律、严肃吏治、刻薄寡恩的特点而极富个性。他早年中进士、点翰林,有深厚的学养与文化,在形象上有点接近曾国藩,但与同年李鸿章的私谊较好,是洋务活动中的得力干将。想要更好地理解他,就必须将其放在所处的时代大背景下,认识到这一时代的特殊性：相比于清末新政的激烈改革所造成的社会动荡,后人或许能更加深刻地理解沈葆桢等人“保守”传统的苦心与价值;与进化论传入中国后所兴起的除旧布新思想对立,沈氏所处的洋务时代主旨在于“取新卫旧”。在军事科技方面,沈葆桢坚定地主张“师夷长技”,所以在总理福州船政局和办理台湾防务、筹划海防期间,他不遗余力地制造兵轮、修建炮台、架设电线、开采煤矿；但是,在关乎民用和老百姓切身利益时,他会看到除了效益之外更加长远、根本的东西,拆毁吴淞铁路便是一个重要表现。在改革力度上,他走得不如李鸿章远：李鸿章甚至要求废除八股,而沈葆桢只是提倡在科举中增设算学一科而已。总体而言,在嘉道以来经世思潮哺育下成长起来的沈葆桢,是一个既具有浓厚的理学背景,又善于任事、极端踏实勤恳的实干家。身处两千年未见之大变局中,面对经验之外的世界,其思想兼收并蓄、兼采新旧、择善而从,最为注重的是外交、海防、内政、教育等方面的实效实绩。他是中国近代化事业的先行者,也是中国传统的继承者和眷恋者；他不顽固守旧,但同时也讲文化。他的坚守与苦痛,他在中西、新旧之间的选择与取舍,深深烙上了其所处时代的印记,依然包含了能引发我们深入思考的内容。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, among the famous officials of Zhongxing, Shen Baozhen had a strong personality because of his honesty and self-discipline, serious administration of officials, being mean and unkind. In his early years, he was a scholar with a deep education and culture, and was a bit close to Zeng Guofan in his image. But in the same year, Li Hongzhang had a better personal relationship, which was the most effective way to understand him in Westernization activities. In order to understand him better, he must be placed against the background of his time. Recognizing the particularity of this era: compared with the social turbulence caused by the drastic reform of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty, later generations may have a deeper understanding of the "conservative" traditional pains and values of Shen Baozhen and others; Contrary to the idea of eliminating old and new cloth that emerged after the introduction of evolutionary theory into China, Shen's main purpose of the Westernization era is to "take the new and defend the old". In the field of military science and technology, Shen Baozhen firmly advocated "Shiyi Changji", so during the period of Prime Minister Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau and handling Taiwan's defense and planning for coastal defense, he spared no effort to build military ships, build fortresses, set up electric lines, and mine coal mines. When it comes to the vital interests of civilian and ordinary people, he will see that in addition to the benefits, the fundamental thing is that the demolition of the Wusong railway is an important manifestation. In terms of the strength of the reform, He did not go as far as Li Hongzhang: Li Hongzhang even called for the abolition of stereotyped writing, while Shen Baozhen only advocated the addition of a subject of arithmetic in the imperial examination. Is a strong Neo-Confucianism background, but also good at doing things, extremely practical and diligent doer. In the two thousand years of great changes, facing the world outside of experience, his ideas are mixed, both new and old, and choose from the good. He is the forerunner of China's modernization cause, as well as the successor to and attachment to the Chinese tradition; he is not stubborn and conservative. But at the same time, he also stresses culture. His persistence and pain, his choice and choice between China and the West, between the old and the new, are deeply branded with the imprint of his time, and still contain the content that can arouse our deep thinking.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K256

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