民国时期安化黑茶业初探

发布时间：2018-02-08 20:40

本文关键词： 民国安化黑茶业产销　出处：《湘潭大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 湖南省安化县位于资江中游,雪峰山脉北段,以其优越的地理位置、适宜的气候,成为著名的茶叶产地,其所产黑茶在明朝时被定为“官茶”,用于“茶马贸易”,行销西北、苏俄、中亚等地。民国时期安化黑茶成品有散茶、紧压茶两大类,初期,由于安化黑茶作为边销茶,外销苏俄,内销西北各省,政府较为重视,原在长沙的省立茶业讲习所迁到安化小淹,进行茶叶品种改良,采用机械制茶,成立茶叶公所,销售上沿用清朝的引票制,商人持票到安化县采制、运输、销售黑茶,安化黑茶业得到发展。抗战全面爆发后,由于交通阻绝,安化黑茶大量积压,为此省茶业管理处制定黑茶原料收购标准,贷款在安化设厂试压新产品——黑茶砖,成功后用于对苏以物易物,同时在销售上,改引票制为统购统销,在一定程度上解决了黑茶积压问题,黑茶业也有所起色。抗战胜利后,由于捐税加重,货币贬值,茶农毁茶种粮,茶叶连年减产,又兼交通运输困难等多种原因,安化黑茶业在生产、运输、销售等面临困境,黑茶业已不如之前,日趋衰落。民国时期,安化黑茶业经历前期的繁盛,到抗战及后期虽经各方努力,终至衰落。然而黑茶作为一种重要的经济作物,给安化带来经济收入,丰富了安化人民的社会生活,同时作为边销茶,又起到加强民族团结、巩固边防的作用。其生产制作、改良经验、衰落的原因值得今天借鉴。从中可以看到安定的社会环境,便利的交通,优良的茶叶品质、制作技术的提高对安化黑茶业的发展至关重要。
[Abstract]:Anhua County in Hunan Province is located in the middle reaches of Zijiang River and the northern part of Xuefeng Mountains. With its superior geographical location and suitable climate, Anhua County has become a famous tea producing area. Its black tea was designated as "official tea" in the Ming Dynasty and used for "tea horse trade", which was marketed in the northwest. Soviet Russia, Central Asia and other places. During the period of the Republic of China, there were two main types of tea produced by Anhua black tea, that is, scattered tea and tight pressing tea. At the beginning of the year, because Anhua black tea was sold as a side tea, exported to Soviet Russia, and sold domestically in the northwest provinces, the government paid more attention to it. The provincial tea industry workshop in Changsha moved to Anhua for small flooding. Tea variety improvement, the use of machinery to make tea, set up tea office, the sale of the Qing Dynasty ticket system, merchants to Anhua County to collect, transport, sell black tea, Anhua black tea industry has been developed. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, due to traffic obstruction, Anhua had a large backlog of black tea. For this reason, the provincial tea industry management office set up a standard for the purchase of black tea raw materials, and loans were made to set up a factory in Anhua to test the new product-black tea brick, which, after success, was used for bartering the Soviet Union. At the same time, in the sales, we changed the ticketing system to a certain extent to solve the problem of black tea backlog, black tea industry has also improved. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, due to the increase in taxes, the devaluation of the currency, the destruction of tea crops by tea farmers, the production of tea in successive years, and the difficulties of transportation and transportation, the black tea industry of Anhua faced difficulties in production, transportation and sales, and the black tea industry was already worse off than before. Fading day by day. During the period of the Republic of China, the black tea industry of Anhua experienced its prosperity in the early stage and its decline in the later stages of the War of Resistance against Japan. However, as an important cash crop, black tea brought economic income to Anhua and enriched the social life of the people of Anhua. At the same time, as a side sale of tea, it also plays a role in strengthening national unity and consolidating border defense. The reasons for its production, production, improvement of experience, and decline are worthy of reference today. From this, we can see a stable social environment, convenient transportation, and excellent tea quality. The improvement of production technology is very important to the development of Anhua black tea industry.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F426.82;F326.12;K258

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