赵尔巽与奉天清末新政改革

发布时间：2018-02-10 04:21

本文关键词： 赵尔巽清末奉天新政改革　出处：《齐齐哈尔大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日俄战争后,东北政局动荡。赵尔巽于1905年受命出任盛京将军,并奉命在其任内领导了奉天的清末新政改革。本文以近代以来东北政局为背景,对赵尔巽主政奉天新政改革的原因、内容进行了较为全面系统的梳理和剖析,并探讨了此次改革的特点、历史作用与影响。本文认为:作为全国推行新政之一部分,赵尔巽主持的东北新政改革,由于其特殊的地理环境、人文渊源以及赵尔巽个人品质与执政风格,使其独树一帜,具有特殊的意义;新政表现了赵尔巽突出的综合素质、主政能力和发展理念;奉天新政改革开启了东北新政的序幕,为东北清末新政后续发展奠定了基础,成为奉天省乃至整个东北地区的近代化发展的源动力。赵尔巽的新政改革,全面务实,成就斐然。经济上,坚持农、工、商、牧副渔业的全面发展,主张立足奉天本地实际,充分利用已有资源,辅以先进技术和新式管理模式,使奉天经济摆脱了战前的死寂和战后的萧条,重新焕发了新的生机,也为新政继续发展奠定了扎实的经济基础;启动官制改革,为东北地区由军府制向近代行省制过渡做了深入的探索,是较为成功的一次尝试;赵尔巽视教育为关系民族兴衰和国家兴亡的大计,锐意进取,使奉天地方兴学、办学蔚然成风,成为奉天新式教育的奠基人;通过对原财政机构的刷新,将东北的财政机制纳入了近代化的轨道,其成果直接为各项新政的次第开展,提供了强大的财力支撑;军警改革后,使其整体素质有所提高,一定程度上改变了东北地区国防落后的局面,为新政的顺利进行提供了一个相对稳定的社会环境,同时,推动了奉天近代警政事业的建立和发展;电讯事业改革,改变了本地区内部之间及本地与外界之间彼此隔绝的状态,推动了东北地区经济、商贸等事业的繁荣,也打破了外人垄断的局面,一定程度上挽回了部分利权。赵尔巽开启奉天新政改革,对奉天乃至东北走向近代化起到了奠基的作用。固然,赵尔巽一生功过自有公论,但东北新政之于赵尔巽,是其对历史的贡献,不应苛求。
[Abstract]:After the war between Japan and Russia, the political situation in Northeast China was turbulent. Zhao Erxun was appointed General Sheng Jing on 1905 and was instructed to lead the reform of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty during his term of office. This article is based on the political situation in Northeast China since modern times. This paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the causes and contents of the reform of the Fengtian New deal under Zhao Erxun's administration, and probes into the characteristics, historical role and influence of the reform. This article holds that as part of the national implementation of the New deal, The reform of the New deal in Northeast China, which Zhao Erxun presided over, is unique and of special significance because of its special geographical environment, cultural origin, Zhao Erxun's personal quality and ruling style, and the New deal has demonstrated Zhao's outstanding comprehensive qualities. The reform of Fengtian New deal opened the prelude of the Northeast New deal, laid the foundation for the follow-up development of the New deal in the end of the Northeast Qing Dynasty, and became the source of the modernization development of Fengtian Province and even the whole Northeast region. Zhao Erxun's new policy reform was comprehensive and pragmatic, with remarkable achievements. Economically, he insisted on the overall development of agriculture, industry, commerce and animal husbandry and fisheries, and advocated that he should base himself on the actual situation in Fengtian, make full use of existing resources, and be supplemented by advanced technology and new management models. Fengtian's economy got rid of the dead silence before the war and the depression after the war, rekindled new vitality, laid a solid economic foundation for the continued development of the New deal, and initiated the reform of the official system. It was a more successful attempt to make a thorough exploration of the transition from the military government system to the provincial system in modern times in the Northeast region. Zhao Erxun saw education as a great plan related to the rise and fall of the nation and the rise and fall of the country, so as to forge ahead and make the Fengtian place start school. School running became popular and became the founder of Fengtian new-style education, and the northeast financial mechanism was brought into the track of modernization through the renovation of the former financial institutions, and its achievements directly provided powerful financial support for the secondary development of the New deal. After the reform of the military and police, the overall quality of the military and police has been improved, which to some extent has changed the backward situation of national defense in Northeast China, and provided a relatively stable social environment for the smooth implementation of the New deal. At the same time, It promoted the establishment and development of the modern police affairs in Fengtian, and the reform of the telecommunications industry changed the state of isolation within the region and between the local and the outside world, and promoted the prosperity of the northeast region's economy, commerce and other undertakings. It also broke the monopoly of outsiders, and to a certain extent recovered some of its interests. Zhao Erxun opened the reform of the New deal in Fengtian, which laid the foundation for the modernization of Fengtian and even the Northeast. Of course, Zhao Erxun had his own public comment on his merits and failures in his life. But the Northeast New deal to Zhao Erxun, is its contribution to history, should not be demanding.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K257

【引证文献】