教育心理学视野下的曾国藩家庭教育思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 14:58

本文关键词： 曾国藩家庭教育思想教育心理学　出处：《河南师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：曾国藩是中国近代历史上著名的政治家、军事家和教育家。曾国藩的一生,非常重视家庭教育,他的家庭教育思想内容丰富、特点鲜明,具有一定影响和研究价值。曾国藩家庭教育思想的渊源包括:儒家传统文化与湖湘地域文化的共同影响;中国传统家训思想的影响;曾氏宗族教育潜移默化的影响;曾国藩独特的个人经历和个人感悟。从教育心理学视角下分析曾国藩家庭教育思想特点,曾国藩的家庭教育思想在很多方面符合教育心理学的原理。首先,曾国藩身上体现了典型的优秀教育者的心理特征和与品质,曾国藩心胸豁达,能很好的理解教育对象;与教育者相处时,具有以诚待人、非权势和积极相待等心理特质。其次,从教育对象的特殊性方面看,曾国藩较好的做到了因材施教。第三,在教育过程中,曾国藩在动机激发方面较好的运用了归因论原则,注重立志、成事由天的这类不稳定性维度和努力、坚持这类可控制性维度的作用,提高教育对象的前途期待和成功期待;在集体、社会因素的合理利用方面,曾国藩注重家风建设和交友之道,着力构建曾氏家族的孝友家风、耕读家风、勤俭敬家风、敦亲睦邻家风和礼治家风,指导教育对象正确的交友态度和交友方法,为教育对象创造良好的家庭氛围和集体氛围。在态度和品德的学习方面,曾国藩一方面积极利用榜样法的作用,塑造祖父曾玉屏为曾氏家族的榜样,曾国藩自己更是注重以身作则,率先垂范;另一方面,曾国藩充分利用了言语指导法,对教育对象通过家书的方式言语指导不厌其烦,同时将自己的态度和品德教育的内容口诀化数字化。曾国藩的这些教育特点,符合教育心理学的原则,具有相当的科学性。曾国藩的家庭教育思想不仅在曾氏兄弟和后代子孙身上获得了卓越的成效,在曾国藩家庭教育思想的熏陶之下,曾氏宗族出现了很多在全国具有知名度的人物。曾国藩的家庭教育思想还越超了当时的时代,对后世的家庭教育均有很大的影响,受到中国近代以来各个阶级的出色人物的广泛推崇。他的教育思想还对当代社会有着深刻的启示作用。这些启示包括对现今现象的启示和对家庭教育方法的启示,主要有:传统文化应成为现代教育的营养源,现代教育必须德育在先全面发展,家长的管教活动应该注意爱和控制相结合,现代家庭教育必须注重刚性教育等等。当然,由于时代的局限,曾国藩的家庭教育思想中的有些成分已显落后,但瑕不掩瑜,其中的许多精华却是值得我们认真研究借鉴和继承发展的。
[Abstract]:Zeng Guofan is a famous statesman, strategist and educator in the modern history of China. In his life, Zeng Guofan attached great importance to family education. His thoughts on family education are rich in content and distinctive in characteristics, and have certain influence and research value. The origin of Zeng Guofan's family education thought includes: the common influence of Confucian traditional culture and Huxiang regional culture; the influence of Chinese traditional family instruction thought; the influence of Zeng's clan education; the unique personal experience and individual feeling of Zeng Guofan. From the perspective of educational psychology, this paper analyzes the characteristics of Zeng Guofan's family education thought. In many ways, Zeng Guofan's family education thought accords with the principles of educational psychology. Zeng Guofan embodies the psychological characteristics and qualities of typical excellent educators. Zeng Guofan is open-minded and can understand the educational objects very well. When he gets along with the educators, he has the psychological characteristics of treating others with sincerity, not being powerful and treating each other positively. Second, he has the psychological characteristics of treating others with sincerity, not being powerful and treating each other positively. From the perspective of the particularity of the educational object, Zeng Guofan has done well in teaching according to his aptitude. Thirdly, in the process of education, Zeng Guofan has made good use of the Attribution Theory principle and paid attention to the determination in the aspect of motivating motivation. Such unstable dimensions and efforts as a matter of reason, insist on the role of such controllable dimensions, raise the expectations for the future and success of educational objects; and in terms of the rational use of collective and social factors, Zeng Guofan paid attention to the construction of family style and the way of making friends, and worked hard to construct the family style of filial piety and friendship of the Zeng family, cultivate and read the family style, respect the family style with diligence and frugality, establish a friendly and friendly family style and rule the family style by etiquette, and guide the right attitude and method of making friends among the educational objects. On the one hand, Zeng Guofan actively used the role of role models to shape his grandfather, Zeng Yuping, as a role model for the Zeng family. Zeng Guofan himself has paid more attention to setting an example by example. On the other hand, Zeng Guofan has made full use of the language guidance method, and has not tired of the language guidance of the educational object through the way of writing to his family. At the same time, the author digitizes his attitude and moral education. Zeng Guofan's educational characteristics accord with the principles of educational psychology and are quite scientific. Zeng Guofan's family education thought not only achieved remarkable results on the Zeng brothers and future generations, but also was influenced by Zeng Guofan's family education thought. Many people of the Zeng clan have become well-known throughout the country. The more Zeng Guofan's family education thought exceeded the time of the time, the greater the impact on family education in later generations. Widely admired by outstanding figures from all classes in modern China, his educational ideas also have profound implications for contemporary society. These enlightenments include enlightenment to the present phenomenon and to the methods of family education. The main contents are as follows: traditional culture should become the nutrition source of modern education, modern education must develop in an all-round way before moral education, parents should pay attention to the combination of love and control, modern family education must pay attention to rigid education and so on. Of course, due to the limitations of the times, some elements of Zeng Guofan's family education thought have been lagging behind, but many of them are worthy of our careful study and development.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252

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