清末浙江学生群体与近代中国

发布时间：2018-02-21 12:05

本文关键词： 清末浙江学生群体近代中国　出处：《上海大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 近代浙江人才众多、对近代中国影响颇深,究其源头,他们大都是清末浙江学生。研究清末浙江学生群体对于从新的视角透视近代中国,具有重要的历史意义与学术价值。 1840年后浙江在欧风美雨的影响下,政治、社会、文化、心理等迅速异化,变革中孕育了近代教育出现的土壤。在维新思想以及清末新政的强力推动下,普遍意义上以新学为特征的学堂诞生了,迥异于过去士子童生的新式学生群体由此出现。在书院革命的基础上,新式学堂得到迅速发展。现有史料表明,清末浙江的教育体系,是以杭州为中心,以绍兴、宁波、温州为多翼的发展格局,地方开明士绅对此起到了极为重要的推动作用。清末浙江学生群体主要由省内学堂学生与留日学生组成,欧美学生人数虽少但有重要影响。各类新式学生的出现、集聚及日常运作都具有时代典型意义。清末学生群体以鲜明的知识性与日渐成熟的反政府思想,颠覆了科举时代读书人依附于政府的范式。以浙江学堂风潮、拒俄运动为中心,学生群体经历了由爱国到反清的思想变迁。清末学潮对于学生群体价值提升具有重要意义。近代中国在一定意义上是学生化的中国,学生群体的价值更多是以个体方式体现。对于蒋方震、蒋梦麟、蒋介石、周树人、马叙伦等学生个例研究,可以更好地溯源近代中国精英的成长。浙江精英学生的培养,主要是依靠外省与国外教育资源,这是人才培养的悖论。清末浙江学生对社会结构力图改造的同时,他们与政府的关系变得艰难,兴学堂使大部分学生游离于主流社会之外。学生群体的价值更多体现在他们进入社会后的作为。通过154人样本库对清末浙江学生的社会进入进行职业、家庭、地域、教育背景等诸多问题的定量、定性分析,从学生的视角深入探究近代中国的社会分层与社会流动性。本文注重史料、方法与思维创新。在史料上,重点使用了研究对象的回忆录、访谈录、校史材料、文史资料、清末报刊档案等第一手资料；在方法上,借鉴社会学、计量分析学等学科方法,确立了154人浙江学生分析样本,以计量比较分析的方法,探讨清末浙江学生群体中的一些定量、定性的问题；在思维上,运用大历史观,从近代社会分析出发,通过30万文字、67张图表,用翔实的材料、数据充分表述观点。学生史是为学术界关注不多的领域,近代学生史研究还是较新的研究方向。区域学生史研究,前人没有范例,本文通过对清末浙江学生群体的研究,积极构建学生史研究的新框架。
[Abstract]:Modern Zhejiang has a large number of talents, which has a deep influence on modern China. Most of them are Zhejiang students from the end of Qing Dynasty. The study of Zhejiang student group in the late Qing Dynasty has important historical significance and academic value for perspective of modern China from a new perspective. After 1840, under the influence of European wind and rain, Zhejiang was rapidly alienated in politics, society, culture and psychology, which gave birth to the soil of modern education. In general, a new school characterized by new learning was born, which was different from the group of new students who were born in the past. On the basis of the academy revolution, the new school developed rapidly. The existing historical data show that the educational system of Zhejiang in the late Qing Dynasty, Hangzhou as the center, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Wenzhou as the multi-wing development pattern, the local enlightened gentry played a very important role in promoting this. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the student group in Zhejiang was mainly composed of students from schools in the province and students studying in Japan. Although the number of students in Europe and the United States was small, it had an important influence. The gathering and daily operation have typical significance of the times. In the late Qing Dynasty, the students' groups, with their distinct knowledge and increasingly mature anti-government thoughts, subverted the paradigm of the scholars attached to the government during the imperial examination period, taking the Zhejiang school trend and the anti-Russian movement as the center. The student group experienced the ideological change from patriotic to anti-Qing, and the academic tide in the late Qing Dynasty was of great significance to the promotion of the value of the student group. In a certain sense, modern China is a studentized China, and the value of student groups is more embodied in an individual way. A case study of such students as Jiang Fangzhen, Jiang Menglin, Jiang Jieshi, Zhou Shuren, Ma Xulun, etc. We can trace back to the growth of the elite of modern China better. The cultivation of elite students in Zhejiang mainly depends on the educational resources of other provinces and foreign countries, which is the paradox of talent cultivation. At the same time, the students in Zhejiang tried hard to reform the social structure in the late Qing Dynasty. Their relationship with the government has become difficult, The value of the student group is reflected in their behavior after entering the society. Through 154 sample banks, the social entry of Zhejiang students in the late Qing Dynasty was carried out by occupation, family, and region. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of many problems such as educational background explores the social stratification and social mobility in modern China from the perspective of students. This paper focuses on historical materials, methods and thinking innovations. In historical materials, it focuses on the use of first-hand materials, such as memoirs, interviews, school history materials, literary and historical materials, archives of newspapers and periodicals of the late Qing Dynasty, etc. In terms of methods, it uses sociology for reference. Based on the methods of econometric analysis and other subjects, 154 students in Zhejiang Province were analyzed by means of quantitative comparative analysis, and some quantitative and qualitative problems in Zhejiang student group in the late Qing Dynasty were discussed. Based on the analysis of modern society, 67 charts with 300,000 characters are used to fully express the views. Student history is a field of little concern for academic circles. The study of modern student history is still a relatively new research direction. There are no examples in the study of regional student history. This paper studies the student group in Zhejiang in the late Qing Dynasty. Actively build a new framework for student history research.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K252

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