西“工”东渐:近代西方工程学知识与技术在中国的传播

发布时间：2018-02-21 18:22

本文关键词： 近代工程学工程知识与技术西学东渐　出处：《江苏师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：16、17世纪,中西传统技术开始朝着两个不同的方向发展:中国传统技术朝着"技艺"的方向发展,而西方传统技术则与近代科学越走越近,并最终于18世纪中叶相结合,促成了近代工程学的诞生。与近代大多数学科门类一样,西方工程学知识与技术通过来华传教士逐渐传入中国,吸引了中国本土知识分子的注意。实际上,早在近代工程学诞生以前的晚明时期,中西传统"工程"技术之间就有过短暂接触,以王征为代表的少数文士已经开始关注西方"工程"知识与技术,并留下了《奇器图说》这样的重要译著。但由于各种原因,这时的中西"工程"交往,范围不大,效果也并不理想。晚清时期,在"西学东渐"大背景下,西方近代工程学知识与技术开始大规模传入中国,吸引了大批中国本土知识分子投身其中,形成了大量与工程学相关的译著和著作。得益于此,近代工程学教育也逐步兴起,本土工程技术人才不断涌现,工程技术水平不断提高。近代西方工程学知识与技术在中国的传播,推动了中国近代工程学的发端,成为对近代工业发展和社会进步产生积极影响的重要因素。
[Abstract]:In the 16th and 17th centuries, Chinese and Western traditional technology began to develop in two different directions: Chinese traditional technology developed in the direction of "skill", while Western traditional technology came closer and closer to modern science and finally combined in the middle of 18th century. Like most disciplines in modern times, Western engineering knowledge and technology were gradually introduced into China through missionaries to China, attracting the attention of Chinese native intellectuals. As early as the late Ming period before the birth of modern engineering, there was a brief contact between Chinese and Western traditional "engineering" technology. A few scholars, represented by Wang Zheng, had begun to pay close attention to western "engineering" knowledge and technology. But for various reasons, the "engineering" contacts between China and the West were limited in scope and the results were not satisfactory. In the late Qing Dynasty, under the background of "Western learning to the east", Western modern engineering knowledge and technology began to spread to China on a large scale, attracting a large number of native Chinese intellectuals to participate in it, forming a large number of translations and works related to engineering. Native engineering and technical talents are constantly emerging and the level of engineering technology is constantly improving. The spread of modern western engineering knowledge and technology in China has promoted the beginning of modern Chinese engineering. It became an important factor that had a positive influence on the development of modern industry and social progress.
【作者单位】：教育部高校社会科学发展研究中心;
【分类号】：K25

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