从洋务局的流变看晚清中外交涉

发布时间：2018-02-23 21:39

本文关键词： 晚清洋务局流变中外交涉　出处：《河北师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近代以来,当延续千年文明的传统中国与工业化武装起来的西方在两极相逢之时,外交理念和外交制度便成为两种不同社会形态交锋的焦点。正是在这种冲突与融合中,清政府传统的朝贡体制逐渐崩溃,涉外权利逐渐下移,形成新的对外交涉体制。在此过程中,清政府的外交制度也相应的做了调整和转变。在中央,设立总理衙门总揽外交事务,并设立南北洋通商大臣作为辅助机构来处理一些重大的外交事务。在地方,对外交涉机构也相应的做了调整：一是原来负责地方事务守巡道兼职的海关道,其职能扩大为监管关税及部分对外交涉事务,二是地方督抚大员设立不纳入地方正式编制的,带有幕僚性质的洋务局等专职对外交涉机构,以办理具体对外交涉事宜。本文以晚清洋务局这一地方外交机构为研究方向。从东部沿海交涉事务繁杂省份设立洋务局入手,以洋务局的流变为线索,以个别省份(甘肃)洋务局为个案,详细系统论述洋务局的设立,发展演变及其活动。从而揭示出洋务局的设立,在一定程度上虽然削弱了清政府一元化的中央专制统治,但是洋务局适时适地的设立,在减少中外交涉摩擦、促进地方近代化建设方面都发挥了重要作用。文章以设立洋务局为一面镜子,折射出近代中国在中外冲突的激流中,地方外交体制、地方近代化建设是如何步履蹒跚的挤入世界近代化浪潮。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, when the traditional China, which continues the millennium civilization, meets the industrialized West at the two poles, the diplomatic concept and the diplomatic system have become the focus of the confrontation between the two different social forms. It is in this kind of conflict and fusion that the diplomatic concept and the diplomatic system become the focus of the confrontation between the two different social forms. The traditional tributary system of the Qing government gradually collapsed, and the foreign rights gradually moved down, forming a new system of foreign negotiation. In the process, the diplomatic system of the Qing government was also adjusted and changed accordingly. Setting up the Premier Yamen to take charge of foreign affairs, and setting up the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the North and the South as a subsidiary organ to handle some major foreign affairs. The foreign negotiation bodies have also made corresponding adjustments: first, the customs roads, which were formerly responsible for local affairs and part-time patrol, have expanded their functions to supervise customs duties and some foreign negotiations, and second, the establishment of local governors and caretakers has not been formally established by the local authorities. Foreign Affairs Bureau with the nature of staff and other full-time foreign negotiation agencies to deal with specific foreign negotiations. This paper takes the Westernization Bureau of the late Qing Dynasty as the research direction, starting with the establishment of the Westernization Bureau in the provinces with complicated eastern coastal affairs, taking the evolution of the Westernization Bureau as the clue, and taking the Westernization Administration of some provinces (Gansu) as a case study. The establishment, development and evolution of the Westernization Bureau and its activities are systematically discussed in detail, thus revealing that the establishment of the Westernization Bureau, to a certain extent, weakened the centralized autocratic rule of the Qing government, but the establishment of the Westernization Bureau at the right time. It has played an important role in reducing the frictions between China and foreign countries and promoting the construction of local modernization. The article regards the establishment of the Bureau of Westernization Affairs as a mirror, reflecting the local diplomatic system of modern China in the rapids of Chinese and foreign conflicts. Local modernization construction is how to stagger into the wave of world modernization.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K256.1

【参考文献】