南京国民政府前期山东经济建设与解决失业及无业问题之互动

发布时间：2018-02-27 17:06

本文关键词： 无业问题民生工厂经济建设　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：南京国民政府统治前期,存在着严重的就业问题。严重的自然灾害和频繁的内忧外患导致了严重的失业问题。然而,从1927年到1937年的这10年间,又恰恰是南京国民政府进行大规模经济建设的黄金十年,经济发展速度居于世界领先地位。1930年的国民党三大上,指出了国家建设的程序,一为铁道等交通事业,二为农林、畜牧、垦荒、水利等事业,三为公用、卫生等事业,并强调这些事业应该以国家经营为主。因此,南京国民政府前期的经济建设有了较为迅速的发展,各项事业蓬勃兴起,工业生产与农业生产、交通建设诸多方面都迅速发展。各地也兴起了许多民生工厂,吸纳了一定的社会就业。南京国民政府的措施,对于社会的稳定和就业状况的缓和起到了一定的作用。而当时的山东省,正处于韩复榘的统治之下,韩复榘为了巩固自身统治,维护半独立的局面,也进行了许多经济建设,以促进经济的发展,缓和当时严峻的就业形势。当时山东省就业形势严峻,失业和无业问题严重,这主要有几个方面的原因：首先,日本帝国主义对于山东省的侵略,严重的阻碍了山东的经济建设进程；其次,山东省遭受了当时严重的世界经济危机的打击,冲击了山东省脆弱的经济结构；再次,山东省在南京国民政府前期,遭受了严重的自然灾害的冲击,例如水灾、旱灾等等,造成了大批失业及无业游民的产生。另外,连年战争的影响,也使得这一时期的山东经济大伤元气。为了解决这一问题,山东省政府采取了一系列的措施,加强经济建设,促进就业。首先,山东省在各地开设了许多平民工厂和平民工厂,以吸纳当地的就业。例如,山东的民生工厂就遍布全省,被誉为当时的“模范省”。另外,山东省政府还进行了诸多建设,例如修筑铁路、公路,兴修水利,疏浚河道,举办了各种各样的公共工程,以尽可能的吸纳社会上存在的无业游民,稳定社会秩序。另外,当时的山东省政府还大力提倡国货,以振兴山东省的经济实力,抵御国外的经济侵略；山东省政府还采取了兴办官办企业的措施,以提高经济技术水平,为山东省内的经济建设与发展做示范。山东省政府还在山东省的农村地区进行了改革,例如实行农村合作制度,积极加强农村组织建设,并努力改良农业品种,促进农业的可持续发展。通过对当时山东省建设的相关考察,我们可以管中窥豹,了解当时政府解决失业与发展经济的成效。总体来看,在南京国民政府前期,山东省的经济建设和就业问题的互动是较为成功的。兴建了许多企业,工业、交通运输业和农业都有了一定发展,失业和无业现象严重的状况多少得到了遏制。这一时期的经济建设,顺应了时代潮流和世界潮流,也是当时区域现代化的重要典范。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the Nanjing National Government, there were serious employment problems. Serious natural disasters and frequent internal and external troubles led to serious unemployment. However, during the 10 years from 1927 to 1937, It was also the golden decade for the Nanjing National Government to carry out large-scale economic construction, and the speed of economic development was in the leading position in the world. In 1930, at the three KMT National Committees, it pointed out the procedures for national construction, one for transportation, such as railways, and the other for agriculture and forestry. Livestock, reclamation, water conservancy and other undertakings are public and public health undertakings, and emphasize that these undertakings should be mainly run by the state. As a result, the early economic construction of the Nanjing National Government has developed more rapidly, and various undertakings have flourished. Industrial production, agricultural production, transportation construction and many other aspects have developed rapidly. Many factories of people's livelihood have also been sprang up in various localities, and certain social employment has been absorbed. Measures taken by the Nanjing National Government, For the stability of the society and the ease of employment has played a certain role. At that time, Shandong Province was under the rule of Han Fu-moment. In order to consolidate his own rule and maintain a semi-independent situation, Han Fu-moment also carried out a lot of economic construction in order to promote economic development. At that time, the employment situation in Shandong Province was severe and the problems of unemployment and unemployment were serious. This was mainly due to several reasons: first, the aggression of Japanese imperialism against Shandong Province. It seriously hindered the progress of Shandong's economic construction. Secondly, Shandong Province was hit by the severe world economic crisis at that time, which hit the fragile economic structure of Shandong Province. Thirdly, Shandong Province was in the early days of the Nanjing National Government. They suffered from severe natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, and so on, resulting in a large number of unemployed and unemployed people. In addition, the impact of successive years of war has also greatly damaged Shandong's economy during this period. In order to solve this problem, The Shandong Provincial Government has taken a series of measures to strengthen economic construction and promote employment. First of all, Shandong Province has opened many civilian factories and civilian factories throughout Shandong to absorb local employment. For example, Shandong's people's livelihood factories are all over the province. Known as the "model province" of the time, the Shandong provincial government also carried out many construction projects, such as building railways, roads, water conservancy, dredging river channels, and organizing various public works. In order to absorb the unemployed people and stabilize the social order as much as possible, the Shandong provincial government also advocated the domestic products in order to revitalize the economic strength of Shandong Province and resist the foreign economic aggression. The Shandong Provincial Government has also taken measures to set up government-run enterprises in order to raise the level of economic technology and provide a model for economic construction and development in Shandong Province. The Shandong Provincial Government has also carried out reforms in rural areas of Shandong Province. For example, we should implement a system of rural cooperation, actively strengthen the construction of rural organizations, and strive to improve agricultural varieties and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Through a related inspection of the construction of Shandong Province at that time, we can look into the situation. Understand the effectiveness of the government in solving unemployment and developing the economy at that time. Generally speaking, in the early days of the Nanjing National Government, the interaction between economic construction and employment in Shandong Province was relatively successful. Many enterprises and industries were built. Both transportation and agriculture have been developed, and the serious phenomenon of unemployment and unemployment has been more or less contained. The economic construction in this period conforms to the trend of the times and the world, and is also an important example of regional modernization at that time.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F249.29;F129;K258

【参考文献】