1950年代武汉市妇女“五好”活动研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 17:33

本文关键词： 1950年代武汉妇联五好　出处：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1952年,重工业发展最为先进的东北地区由东北总工会率先发起了以和谐生产关系从而有利于生产的职工家属教育,提出保证职工“吃好,睡好,休息好”的“三好”活动,在职工家属中间开展社会主义思想教育,取得了良好效果。随后,为支援抗美援朝和发展生产,“三好”被一直坚持执行,伴随爱国公约运动的兴起,原有的“三好”口号逐渐发展演变成保证职工“休息好,生活计划好,环境卫生好,家庭和睦好,邻里团结好”的“五好”活动。在“五好” 口号下,东北职工家属委员会通过成立家属小组,组建经济互助组,在支援生产、改善家庭关系和维护社会稳定方面发挥了重要作用。伴随妇联对家属工作的重视,妇联扭转原有一味倡导妇女走出家庭,参与社会生产的宣传,重新审视家务劳动的意义,对家务劳动再定义,宣扬家庭妇女做好家务劳动也是为社会生产服务,从而转变了整个社会对家务劳动的轻视态度。1954年,武汉市妇联开始在全市职工家属中推行以“日子计划好,鼓励职工生产好,团结互助好,学习和教育子女好,安全卫生好”为内容的“五好”活动。经过两年的宣传和实践,“五好”逐渐被妇女们接受;1956年,“五好”活动进入初步成熟阶段,形成了详细的“五好”要求(即“五好”规格),在各好推行中均取得了初步成效;1957年,“五好”活动达到鼎盛,涌现了大量的“五好”积极分子,召开了声势浩大的“五好”积极分子大会;伴随大跃进的到来,“五好”陷入低迷阶段,在越来越冒进的社会氛围下,“五好”越来越脱离其内涵,成为鼓动和教化妇女的工具。整体而言,1950年代的武汉市妇女“五好”活动各项活动均基本达标,形成了能被系统推广的活动模式,产生了一定数量的“五好”积极分子队伍,并形成了影响深远的典型示范教育。与此同时,伴随着社会的发展,“五好”活动呈现出“经济主导,政治挂帅”的活动特点,并且在后来的发展中显示出越来越明显的政治化趋势。而这场声势浩大的社会活动背后,也存在着组织系统薄弱,思想教育流于形式和缺乏对积极分子的指导等不足。最为吊诡的是这场以和谐家庭关系,平等男女地位为主要出发点的活动在一定程度上反而加剧了男女的不平等。总而言之,1950年代的武汉市妇女“五好”活动在服务生产、和谐家庭和稳定社会上发挥了一定的积极作用的同时,也阻碍家庭经济的自由,妇女负担加重和政治化倾向越来越重等问题。
[Abstract]:In 1952, Northeast China, the region with the most advanced heavy industry development, took the lead in launching the "three good" activities of "eating well, sleeping well and resting well" by the Northeast Federation of Trade unions, which took the lead in educating the family members of workers who were in harmony with production and thus conducive to production. The development of socialist ideological education among the workers' families has achieved good results. Subsequently, in order to support the resistance to US aggression and aid Korea and to develop production, the "three good" have been consistently implemented, accompanied by the rise of the patriotic convention movement. The original "three good" slogan gradually developed into a "five good" campaign to ensure that workers "have a good rest, good life plan, good environmental hygiene, good family harmony, and good neighborhood unity." under the slogan "five good," The Northeast Workers' Family Committee has played an important role in supporting production, improving family relations and maintaining social stability through the establishment of family groups and economic mutual-aid groups. The Women's Federation has reversed the original propaganda of blindly advocating women to go out of the family and participate in social production, re-examine the significance of domestic work, redefine domestic work, and preach that housewives do domestic work well is also to serve social production. In 1954, the Wuhan Municipal Women's Federation began to promote a "day plan well, encourage workers to produce well, unite and help each other well, and study and educate their children well," in 1954. After two years of propaganda and practice, the "five good" activities have gradually been accepted by women. In 1956, the "five good" activities entered a preliminary stage of maturity. The detailed "five good" requirements (that is, the "five good" specifications) have achieved initial results in the implementation of the program. In 1957, the "five good" activities reached their peak, and a large number of "five good" activists emerged. With the arrival of the Great Leap forward, the "five good" fell into the doldrums, and in the increasingly aggressive social atmosphere, the "five good" became more and more detached from its connotation. As a whole, the "five good" activities of women in Wuhan in the 1950s were basically up to standard, forming a pattern of activities that could be systematically popularized, resulting in a certain number of "five good" activists. At the same time, with the development of society, the "five good" activities showed the characteristics of "economic leading, political leadership". And in the course of later development, there was a growing trend of politicization. And behind this massive social activity, there was also a weak organizational system. Ideological education is a mere formality and a lack of guidance to activists. The most paradoxical thing is this harmonious family relationship. The activities of equal status of men and women as the main starting point have, to some extent, exacerbated the inequality between men and women. In short, the "five good" activities of women in Wuhan in the 1950s were in the production of services. Harmonious family and stable society play a positive role, but also hinder the family economic freedom, women's burden and politicization tendency is becoming more and more serious and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27

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