抗战时期国防工程工役中民工的经费来源研究——以修筑四川机场为例

发布时间：2018-03-01 18:05

本文关键词： 中央财政拨款地方筹款国防工程工役民工经费来源抗战时期　出处：《中国社会经济史研究》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：抗战时期,应战局之需,国防工程亟待构筑。推行国防工程工役成为国民政府的当务之急。为稳定并激励征调到的民工,保障工程在限期内完成,经费来源在国防工程工役中尤显重要。从渠道来看,国防工程工役的民工经费主要来源于中央财政拨款和地方筹款。从整体上分析,中央财政拨款是主体,但时不敷支出。为保障修筑国防工程的民工基本生存需要,办理工役的各县(市)则不得不采取各种方式筹款,如主要有征收代役(工)金、挪垫、摊派、借款。这在一定程度上给地方带来了重负。但中央财政拨款偶有超出实际开支。在这种情况下,盈余之款则有限地挹注了地方发展。在大局上,各种渠道的经费来源解决了短期内因征调大量劳动力所急需的财政开支,保证了战时国防工程的顺利修筑,而配合了战局,但也存在明显的现实问题。
[Abstract]:During the War of Resistance against Japan, in response to the needs of the war situation, the national defense project was urgently needed to be constructed. The implementation of the national defense engineering service became an urgent task for the national government. In order to stabilize and motivate the migrant workers who had been recruited, the guarantee project was completed within the deadline. Funding sources are particularly important in national defense engineering and servitude. From the perspective of channels, the funds for migrant workers in national defense engineering work mainly come from the central financial allocation and local fund-raising. On the whole, the central financial allocation is the main body. In order to ensure the basic survival needs of migrant workers who are building national defense projects, the counties (cities) that handle labor services have to take various ways to raise funds, such as levying surrogate fees, moving mats, and apportioning them. Borrowing. To a certain extent, this imposes a heavy burden on the local authorities. But the central budget has occasionally exceeded the actual expenditure. In this case, the surplus has been pumped into local development in a limited way. In the overall situation, All kinds of sources of funds have solved the urgent financial expenditure in the short term because of the mobilization of a large number of labor forces, and ensured the smooth construction of the wartime national defense project, and coordinated with the war situation, but there are also obvious practical problems.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史系;
【分类号】：K265

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