盟国通过西北地区的对华军事援助

发布时间：2018-03-02 12:52

本文选题：抗日战争　切入点：军事援助　出处：《新疆师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1937年抗战全面爆发,日本依仗军事优势,对我国展开大规模进攻。随着战争的不断扩大,中国抗战变得异常艰苦,急需得到军事援助,积极寻求国联的支持。因此接受外援的国际交通路线显得十分重要。抗战初期,中国所需的外援物资主要是通过东南沿海接运。广州、武汉失守后,沿海主要城市及港口,大部分铁路被日本控制,海上运输被封锁。西南、西北地区成为抗战的大后方,是国民政府接受外援的主要通道。抗战时期,经新疆地区运输盟国军援的路线主要有三种类型:公路运输、航空运输、驿站运输(简称驿运)。公路运输线是西北新疆通往苏联的主要线路,以苏联中亚地区的阿拉木图为起点,由霍尔果斯入境,经乌苏、迪化、吐鲁番、哈密,至星星峡出新疆至甘肃兰州。同时,中苏间的航空运输线随之开通。1939年自苏联阿拉木图至新疆哈密的航空线建成。新疆在伊犁、乌苏、迪化、奇台、哈密设立航空站,保障苏联的作战物资运往抗战前线。同援助物资一起到达的,还有苏联空军志愿队,他们驾驶飞机直接飞往中国内地参加对日作战。驿站运输是中国传统的交通运输方式。抗战时期,铁路、公路遭到严重破坏,新疆地区的交通设施落后,为接受美国的部分援助物资,国民政府决定恢复驿运。1944年国民政府开辟中印驿运线,从印度的列城出发,翻越喀喇昆仑山口,将物资驿运到新疆叶城。然后再用汽车转运至兰州。 1941年苏联出于自身考虑与日本签订《苏日中立条约》,而后苏德战争爆发,苏联无暇顾及,遂中止对中国的军事援助。与此同时,美国通过《租借法案》,成为援助中国抗战的主要国家。此后,盟国对华军援也有部分通过新疆,但新疆不再是盟国军援的主要路线。
[Abstract]:In 1937, when the War of Resistance against Japan broke out, Japan, relying on its military superiority, launched a large-scale attack on our country. With the continuous expansion of the war, China's War of Resistance against Japan became extremely difficult, and it was in urgent need of military assistance. Actively seek the support of the League of Nations. In the early years of the War of Resistance against Japan, China's foreign aid was mainly transported through the southeast coast. After the loss of Guangzhou and Wuhan, most of the railways in major coastal cities and ports were controlled by Japan, and sea transportation was blocked. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Northwest region became the main rear area of the War of Resistance against Japan and the main channel for the National Government to receive foreign aid. During the War of Resistance against Japan, there were mainly three types of routes for transporting allied military aid through Xinjiang: road transportation, air transportation, post transportation (abbreviated as post transportation). The road transport line is the main route from northwest Xinjiang to the Soviet Union, starting from Almaty in Central Asia of the Soviet Union, entering from Horgos, passing through Usou, Dehua, Turpan, Hami, and Xingxing Gorge out of Xinjiang to Gansu Province. At the same time, The air transport line between China and the Soviet Union was then opened. In 1939, an air route from Almaty, USSR, to Hami, Xinjiang, was established. Xinjiang set up aviation stations in Yili, Wusu, Dehua, Qitai and Hami. The Soviet Union's war supplies were transported to the front lines of the Anti-Japanese War, and along with the aid supplies arrived the Soviet Air Force volunteers, who flew directly to the mainland of China to take part in the war against Japan. Post transportation is the traditional mode of transportation in China. During the War of Resistance against Japan, railways and highways were severely damaged, and transportation facilities in Xinjiang were backward. In order to receive some aid from the United States, In 1944, the national government opened the Sino-Indian post transportation line, set out from the city of Leicheng in India, crossed the Karakoram pass, transported the material post to Yecheng, Xinjiang, and then transported it by car to Lanzhou. In 1941, the Soviet Union signed the Soviet-Japan neutrality Treaty with Japan for its own sake. After the Soviet-German War broke out, the Soviet Union stopped its military assistance to China because it had no time to take it into account. At the same time, The United States passed the "Lease Act" and became a major aid country in the War of Resistance against Japan. Since then, some of the allies' military aid to China has passed through Xinjiang, but Xinjiang is no longer the main route of allied military aid.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K265

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