1958年襄城县大跃进运动历史考察

发布时间：2018-03-06 19:35

本文选题：襄城县　切入点：大跃进运动　出处：《河南大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大跃进运动是中国共产党在探索中国社会主义建设道路过程中的一次重大失误。它大张旗鼓地发动,轰轰烈烈地开展,最终却以悲剧的形式黯淡收场。大跃进运动已经过去五十多年了,但对它的研究仍然具有不可忽视的学术价值和现实意义。在对大跃进运动的研究中,对全国各地大跃进运动的个案研究是一个重要的方面。研究1958年襄城县大跃进运动的发展过程,意在为大跃进研究者提供一些真实的史料,同时也为今天的决策者们提供历史的镜鉴。 1958年襄城县大跃进运动可以分为序幕、兴起、高潮和初步纠“左”四个阶段。从1957年底开始,襄城县人民在县委和县政府的带领下,以热火朝天的革命干劲,掀起了襄城县农田水利建设的高潮。与此同时,向技术革命进军的号角响遍襄城县大地,各乡踊跃开展生产工具大革新的运动。这一切实际上拉开了襄城县大跃进运动的序幕。1958年6月,襄城县大跃进运动进入兴起阶段。全县上下认真学习和广泛宣传社会主义建设总路线,批判在产量指标上的右倾保守思想。由此浮夸风开始滋长。6月下旬召开的全县千名英模集会暨欢庆全县小麦大丰收大会进一步助长了浮夸风的势头。7月的生产大评比活动则是浮夸风泛滥的典型表现。 1958年8月7日,毛泽东亲自来到襄城县视察,勉励襄城人民要鼓足干劲,力争上游。此后多位中央领导人和中央有关部门也纷纷来襄城视察。中央领导人视察襄城对襄城县干部群众来说是莫大的鼓舞和支持,为襄城县大跃进运动的发展提供了强大动力,将襄城县大跃进运动逐步推向高潮。从9月到11月,襄城县为了实现钢铁大跃进,掀起全民大办钢铁的热潮。与此同时,从8月开始,襄城县快速推进人民公社化。9月1日,全县正式合并为一个人民公社——襄城县人民公社。从1958年11月下旬开始,襄城县领导开始贯彻上级关于纠“左”的精神,针对该县出现的具体问题,提出要搞好生活福利,同时对人民公社的各项工作进行整顿。但由于领导干部对此认识不足,纠“左”成效并不大,但毕竟标志着襄城县大跃进运动开始降温。对1958年襄城县的大跃进运动,我们应当作出客观公正的评价。首先,要肯定襄城县委和县政府带领襄城县人民改天换地的战斗豪情。其次,要看到襄城县的大跃进运动的确取得了一些成绩。襄城县广大干部群众所付出的辛勤劳动的确取得了一部分实际成果。但毋庸讳言,代价也是巨大的。以高指标、瞎指挥、浮夸风和“共产风”为主要标志的“左”倾错误严重泛滥,挫伤了广大群众的积极性,使社会主义建设事业受到严重挫折,给群众生活造成了很大困难。回顾1958年襄城县的大跃进运动,我们至少可以得出以下几点启示:首先,搞建设必须尊重客观规律,不能急于求成;其次,发展国民经济必须搞好综合平衡,不能单兵突进;最后,必须正确处理发挥主观能动性和遵循客观规律的关系。前事不忘,后事之师。我们应当时刻铭记历史的惨痛教训,认真贯彻落实科学发展观,推进经济社会又好又快发展。
[Abstract]:The great leap forward movement is the Communist Party of China in exploring a major mistake Chinese socialistconstruction. It put up a pageantry launched to carry out eventually, with vigour and vitality, in the form of tragedy bleak ending. The great leap forward movement has been in the past more than 50 years, but the study on it still has great academic value and practical significance.
In the study of the great leap forward movement, a case study of the great leap forward movement across the country is an important aspect. The course of the development of the great leap forward movement in Xiangcheng County in 1958, in order to provide some real data for the great leap forward of researchers, but also mirror for history for today's policymakers.
Xiangcheng County in 1958 the great leap forward movement can be divided into prelude, rise, climax and initial correction of the "left" four stages. From the beginning of the end of 1957, Xiangcheng County People's Government under the leadership of the county and the county to be in full swing, revolutionary drive, a Xiangcheng County farmland water conservancy construction climax. At the same time, the technology revolution of the clarion call from Xiangcheng County, the township to carry out production tools innovation movement. All of these actually opened the prelude to the great leap forward movement in Xiangcheng County.1958 year in June, Xiangcheng County entered the stage. The rise of the great leap forward and down to seriously study and widely publicized general line of socialist construction, the critical yield index on right conservative ideas. Thus fukuafeng beginning in late month growth.6 the county thousands of heroes rallied and celebrated the wheat harvest conference further contributed to the fukuafeng momentum.7 month production evaluation More than activity is a typical manifestation of overflowing wind.
In August 7, 1958, Mao Zedong came to Xiangcheng to inspect, encourage the people of Xiangcheng have to go all out, strive for the best. Since then many central government leaders and relevant departments of the central government came to Xiangcheng for inspection. The central leaders visited Xiangcheng is a great encouragement and support for Xiangcheng county cadres and the masses, provides a strong impetus for the development of Xiangcheng County, the great leap forward movement, Xiangcheng county the great leap forward movement climax gradually. From September to November, Xiangcheng iron and steel in order to realize the great leap forward, the big steel set off a national craze. At the same time, from the beginning of August, Xiangcheng County, the rapid advance of people's commune.9 on Sept. 1, the county officially merged into a people's commune, Xiangcheng County People's commune.
From late November 1958, Xiangcheng county leaders began to implement superior on correcting "left" spirit, according to the specific problems of the county, put forward to improve welfare at the same time, the work of the people's commune to rectify. But because of the lack of awareness of leading cadres, correcting "left" effect is not large, but after all, marking the Xiangcheng the great leap forward movement began to cool.
On 1958 Xiangcheng County of the great leap forward movement, we should make an objective evaluation. Firstly, make sure the Xiangcheng county Party committee and county government led Xiangcheng County People's pride fighting transform heaven and earth. Secondly, to see the great leap forward movement Xiangcheng indeed achieved some results. All Xiangcheng county cadres and the masses of hard work indeed made some actual results. But needless to say, the cost is huge. With high index, whim, exaggeration and the "Communist wind" as the main symbol of the "left" errors of severe flooding, dampened the enthusiasm of the masses, so that the socialist construction cause serious setbacks, has caused great difficulties for the life of the masses.
Back in 1958 in Xiangcheng County, the great leap forward movement, we can draw the following enlightenments: first, construction must respect the objective laws, not anxious; secondly, the development of the national economy must keep comprehensive balance and cannotsolo dash; finally, we must correctly handle the relationship with the barber initiative and follow the objective law. Don't forget. A guide for the future. We should remember the painful history experience, conscientiously implement Scientific Outlook on Development, promote sound and rapid economic and social development.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27

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