民国时期湘西禁烟研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 20:11

本文选题：民国　切入点：湘西　出处：《吉首大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自从1840年鸦片战争以来,鸦片问题就一直是困扰中国社会的重要问题之一。清朝政府、北洋政府、国民政府都对鸦片问题进行过相当程度的治理,并一度取得很好的实效。但是囿于政治动荡,民生凋敝,鸦片问题一直反复困扰国人。1934年国民政府实施“二年禁毒、六年禁烟”政策后,全国上下形成良好的禁烟势头。1937年抗日战争全面爆发,极大的延缓了禁烟的进程。湘西地区作为湖南省主要的鸦片种植地区,鸦片种植、销售一直比较活跃。湘西地区之洪江,更是云南、贵州、四川等省份鸦片运输内地中转的非常重要枢纽,是边境鸦片流向全国的必经之地。湘西地区鸦片问题,既是政治问题,也是社会问题,国民政府“寓禁于征”的鸦片政策、土匪势力的压迫、鸦片经济的诱惑性共同造成了湘西鸦片大面积种植的局面。禁烟运动开始后,湘西地方政府比较积极的执行了国民政府、湖南省政府的各项禁烟法令、法规,组建了各种禁烟机构,通过政令、文化宣传、武装力量保护等手段实施了禁止种植鸦片政策、烟民登记领照吸食政策、鸦片运输销售专营政策,以高压手段,促使禁烟运动的有效展开。至1940年湘西的禁烟运动遇到了很大成效。农业劳动力增加,社会风气好转。但是禁烟运动本身存在的“禁烟”与“征税”之间的矛盾,这种矛盾根源于禁烟经费短缺、以及禁烟计划的不彻底性,使得禁政的弊端与成效成为禁烟运动的两面性。
[Abstract]:Since the Opium War in 1840, the opium problem has been one of the most important problems that have plagued Chinese society. The Qing, Beiyang and Nationalist governments have dealt with the opium problem to a considerable extent. But because of the political turmoil and the destitution of the people's livelihood, the opium problem has been bothering people repeatedly. In 1934, the National Government implemented the policy of "two years of drug control and six years of ban on smoking." In 1937, the War of Resistance against Japan broke out in an all-round way, greatly delaying the process of banning smoking. As the main opium cultivation area in Hunan Province, the sale of opium in Xiangxi region has been relatively active. It is also a very important hub for the transit of opium from Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces to the mainland. It is a necessary place for border opium to flow to the whole country. The opium problem in western Hunan is not only a political issue, but also a social problem. The national government's opium policy of "forbidding the levy", the oppression of bandits, and the temptation of the opium economy have jointly led to a situation of large-scale opium cultivation in western Hunan. After the anti-smoking movement began, the local government in western Hunan carried out the national government more actively. Various anti-smoking laws and regulations of the Hunan Provincial Government and the establishment of various anti-smoking institutions have been implemented by means of government decrees, cultural propaganda, and armed forces protection to prohibit opium cultivation, and to register smokers for licensing and smoking. By 1940, the anti-smoking campaign in western Hunan had met with great success. The agricultural labor force increased. The social atmosphere has improved. But the contradiction between "smoking ban" and "taxation" in the anti-smoking campaign itself is rooted in the shortage of anti-smoking funds and the lack of thoroughness of the anti-smoking program. So that the malpractice and effectiveness of the ban became the two sides of the anti-smoking movement.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K258

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