民国时期湘潭地区自然灾害研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 12:48

本文选题：民国时期　切入点：湘潭地区　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湘潭地区位于湖南省中部偏东,地处湘江下游。北连宁乡县、望城县,东北邻长沙县,东接株洲市区、株洲县,南与衡东县、衡山县接界,西南角与双峰县毗邻,西与娄底涟源市接壤。本文研究民国时期湘潭地区主要是现今湘潭市所辖的湘潭县、湘乡县以及韶山地区。民国时期湘潭地区受自然因素与社会因素的双重影响,自然灾害频繁,灾荒现象严重,其中尤以水旱灾害造成的破坏最为严重,也是湘潭地区的最主要自然灾害。此外,由于社会动荡,救灾防灾不力,灾害往往会给地区发展带来巨大的破坏与影响。随着人类文明进程的演进以及经济与科学技术水平的日益发展,人类抵御自然灾害的能力也在不断提升,但自然灾害本身是避免不了的,它既是一个历史问题,也是现实的社会问题。因此,对湘潭地区的自然灾害研究有着十分重要的意义。本文在搜集民国时期湘潭地区自然灾害史料的基础上,通过系统的总结和概括,将全文大致分为六个章节进行阐述。第一部分是绪论,主要说明了选题缘由、研究意义以及目前对该专题的大概研究现状等;第二部分阐述了民国时期湘潭地区的自然灾害概况,自然灾害类型主要有水灾、旱灾、风灾以及冰冻灾害等,其中尤以水旱灾害发生最为频繁,其他灾害则交替出现;第三部分探讨了自然灾害发生的原因,主要包括两个方面的因素,即自然因素与社会因素,自然因素主要有气候条件和地形、地貌,社会因素主要包括战乱影响、政治腐败、经济贫穷、植被破坏严重等,其中自然因素是灾害发生的诱因,而真正导致灾荒形成的主因则往往是社会因素;第四部分主要分析了自然灾害产生的影响,主要表现在对人口的削减、社会经济的破坏以及容易造成社会动荡等几个方面;第五、六部分主要细述了民国时期湘潭地区的减灾防灾与赈灾救灾措施,减灾防灾方面的措施主要包括建仓储量、兴修水利、植树造林等,赈灾救灾方面的措施主要有急赈、平粜、以工代赈、收容遣送以及赈灾机构的设立等。另外,民间还出现了一些慈善机构与福利性组织,在接济灾民方面也做出了杰出的贡献。民赈的兴起在一定程度上打破了传统的荒政模式,推动了荒政的近代化进程。总之,这些措施的实行在一定程度上缓解了灾荒的危害性,尽可能地减少了损失,稳定了人民生活与社会秩序的安定。但是,自然灾害的不可避免性依旧给社会经济发展带来了严重的破坏与损失,因此,自然灾害问题直到今天依然是我们社会所关注与研究的重点。
[Abstract]:Xiangtan area is located in east-central Hunan province, located in the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang river. Ningxiang county in the north, Wangcheng county in the northeast, Changsha county in the northeast, Zhuzhou district in the east, Zhuzhou county in the east, Hengdong county in the south, Hengshan county in the south, and Shuangfeng county in the southwest corner. The west is bordered by Loudi Lianyuan. This paper studies the Xiangtan area under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan, Xiangxiang and Shaoshan in the Republic of China. During the Republic of China, Xiangtan was influenced by both natural and social factors. Natural disasters are frequent and famine is serious, among which the damage caused by floods and droughts is the most serious, and it is also the most important natural disaster in Xiangtan. In addition, due to social unrest, disaster relief and prevention are ineffective. Disasters often bring great damage and influence to regional development. With the evolution of human civilization and the development of economy and science and technology, the ability of human beings to resist natural disasters is increasing. But natural disasters are not only a historical problem, but also a real social problem. The study of natural disasters in Xiangtan area is of great significance. Based on the collection of historical data of natural disasters in Xiangtan area during the Republic of China, this paper summarizes and generalizes the natural disasters in Xiangtan area systematically. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first part is the introduction, which mainly explains the reason of the topic, the significance of the research and the current situation of the research on the topic. The second part describes the natural disasters in Xiangtan area during the Republic of China. The main types of natural disasters are floods, droughts, wind disasters and frozen disasters, especially flood and drought disasters occur most frequently, and other disasters occur alternately. The third part discusses the causes of natural disasters, including natural factors and social factors, natural factors are mainly climate conditions and topography, geomorphology, social factors mainly include the impact of war, political corruption. Economic poverty, serious destruction of vegetation and so on, in which natural factors are the inducement of disasters, and social factors are often the main factors leading to the formation of famine; in 4th, the impact of natural disasters is mainly analyzed. This is mainly manifested in the reduction of population, the destruction of social economy and the tendency to cause social unrest. In 5th, six parts mainly describe the measures of disaster reduction, disaster prevention and disaster relief in Xiangtan area during the period of the Republic of China. Measures for disaster reduction and disaster prevention mainly include storehouse reserves, water conservancy construction, afforestation and so on. Measures for disaster relief and disaster relief mainly include emergency relief, flat selling, relief for work, shelter and repatriation, and the establishment of disaster relief institutions. Some charitable organizations and welfare organizations have also appeared among the people, and they have also made outstanding contributions in providing relief to the victims. To some extent, the rise of relief for the people has broken the traditional mode of famine administration and promoted the modernization process of famine administration. In short, To a certain extent, these measures have alleviated the harmfulness of famine, reduced losses as far as possible, and stabilized the people's life and social order. The inevitable nature of natural disasters still brings serious damage and loss to the development of social economy. Therefore, natural disasters are still the focus of our society to this day.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K258;X43

【参考文献】