徐家汇观象台与近代中国气象学

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:09

本文选题：徐家汇观象台　切入点：气象学　出处：《学术月刊》2017年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：耶稣会通过创办徐家汇观象台将气象学引入中国。外人主导下的海关、电政和海舶等机构在制度上的配合保证了徐家汇观象台在观测和研究方面享有国际声望。与此形成对照的是,徐家汇观象台的示范长期未能引起中国社会的反应,它也未能改变人们对气象的传统观念。中国本土气象学的骨干是由海外留学生构成,他们与徐家汇观象台并无直接的渊源,但在学术和制度上对徐家汇观象台借鉴颇多。在行政力量的推动下,本土学术团体逐步收回了中国气象事业的主导权,而中外形势的变动则彻底结束了这一教会科学机构的命运。这一曲折的历程深刻地反映了思潮变动、学术转型、观念变迁、以及中外势力消长之间的微妙关系和复杂动态。
[Abstract]:The Jesuit Society introduced meteorology into China by setting up the Xujiahui Observatory. Customs under the leadership of outsiders, By contrast, the demonstration of the Xujiahui Observatory has not been able to arouse the reaction of Chinese society for a long time, because the cooperation of the electric power administration and the sea ship and other institutions has ensured that the Xujiahui Observatory enjoys an international reputation in terms of observation and research. It has also failed to change people's traditional perceptions of meteorology. The backbone of China's native meteorology is made up of overseas students who have no direct origin with the Xujiahui Observatory. But the academic and institutional aspects of Xujiahui Observatory have been used for reference quite a lot. Driven by administrative forces, local academic groups have gradually taken back the leading role in China's meteorological cause. The change of the situation at home and abroad has brought an end to the fate of this church scientific institution. This tortuous course profoundly reflects the subtle relationship and complex dynamics between ideological change, academic transformation, conceptual change, and the growth and decline of Chinese and foreign forces.
【作者单位】：上海大学历史系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语基督教文献书目的整理与研究”(12&ZD128)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K25

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