建国初期新政权在上海郊区农村的征粮问题（1949-1953年）

发布时间：2018-03-12 17:38

本文选题：建国初期　切入点：新政权　出处：《华东师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1949年5月上海解放,为了保障继续向南推进之军需、维持新生政权,待政权稍一稳固,中共新政权即着手在上海郊区农村征粮。上海的农业生产较少,农村经济相当复杂,粮食消费却很大。因此,用尽一切办法弄粮食,成为当时新政权头等重要的任务之一。然而,上海的解放是依靠外地人的军队通过武力征服得来的,上海农村社会普遍缺乏革命的洗礼,因此,新政权在上海郊区农村缺乏牢固的群众和组织基础,在此地的征粮遇到的抵抗自然也很大。尤其是在1949-1953年这一时段的征粮,是直接与上海数百万人口的粮食需求严重短缺联系在一起的,因而带极强的任务性,下乡的征粮队都规定有硬性指标,不达目的不止。这更易造成对立的情绪和情况。由于上海郊区土地占有情况特殊,“田底权”和“田面权”分立,而新政权对此情况不熟悉,使得上海郊区农村各阶级成分的划分很不相称,提升成分者居多。而不断的灾荒,使得粮食产量一再减少,再加上征粮干部少,征粮任务重且急,干部对政策不明确,征粮方式又强硬粗暴,畸轻畸重的现象很严重。种种因素叠加,使得各阶级的负担率均超过了应有的水平。于是上海郊区农村社会各主要当事人也处于这样一种状况：地主——负担重,即便拿出全部收入仍不足以交纳公粮,胆颤心惊；农民——负担也不轻,公粮的征收大大超过往年的额度,心怀不满。但征粮工作队为了完成征粮任务,又不得不强征、硬征。强迫命令,乱搞一气的做法在上海郊区农村滋长。于是双方不可避免地发生了乱捕、乱杀的混乱现象。一度造成了新政权与上海郊区农民关系的紧张,并在一定程度上影响到了农民基层政权建设。
[Abstract]:In May 1949, the liberation of Shanghai, in order to ensure the continued southward advance of military supplies, to maintain the new regime, when the regime is slightly stable, the new regime began to collect grain in the rural areas of Shanghai. The agricultural production in Shanghai is relatively small, the rural economy is quite complex, and the grain consumption is very large. Therefore, using all means to get food has become Ren Wuzhi, who was the most important person of the new regime at that time. However, The liberation of Shanghai was achieved by the armed forces of foreigners, and Shanghai's rural society generally lacked the baptism of revolution. As a result, the new regime lacked a solid mass and organizational foundation in the rural areas of Shanghai's suburbs. Naturally, the resistance to grain demand here is also very great. Especially in the period 1949-1953, grain collection is directly linked to the severe shortage of food demand for millions of people in Shanghai, and therefore has a strong mandate. All the grain collection teams in rural areas have set rigid targets for failing to achieve their goals. This is even more likely to create opposing emotions and conditions. Because of the special situation of land occupation in the suburbs of Shanghai, the "farmland bottom right" and "farmland area right" are separated, but the new regime is not familiar with this situation. As a result, the division of various classes in the rural areas of the suburbs of Shanghai is very disproportionate, and the majority of those who promote the elements are in the majority. And the continuous famine has led to a reduction in grain production over and over again, in addition to the small number of cadres collecting grain, the heavy and urgent task of collecting grain, and the lack of clear policies on the part of the cadres. The method of collecting grain is also tough and rough, and the phenomenon of being abnormal, light and heavy is very serious. All kinds of factors add up. The burden rate of each class exceeded its due level. Therefore, the main parties in the rural society in the suburbs of Shanghai were in such a situation: the landlords had a heavy burden, and even if the whole income was not enough to pay the public grain, they were frightened by the fact that the main parties to the rural society in the suburbs of Shanghai were still in such a situation; Peasants-the burden is not light, the collection of public grain is much higher than in previous years, disgruntled. However, in order to complete the task of collecting grain, the grain collection task force has to impose and impose forced orders. The random practice of doing one thing grew up in the rural areas of the suburbs of Shanghai. As a result, the chaos of indiscriminate arrests and killings inevitably occurred between the two sides. At one time, it caused tension between the new regime and the peasants in the suburbs of Shanghai. And to a certain extent affected the construction of grass-roots political power of farmers.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27

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