1932年松花江水灾及对黑龙江民众生活的影响

发布时间：2018-03-12 18:26

本文选题：1932年　切入点：松花江水灾　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1932年松花江水灾是黑龙江近代以来的一次重大自然灾害，具有持续时间长、波及范围广、破坏性大等特点，为松花江自有记录以来最大的一次洪灾。从水灾的原因看，1932年松花江洪水形成的决定性因素是天气异常变化导致的长时间大面积降雨。同时，洪水的发生与其四面环江、三面环山的水文和地势有着密切的联系。过度垦荒与森林资源的大量砍伐，严重地破坏了生态平衡，从而遭致自然界地报复。加之日伪当局的漠视与江堤的年久失修等人为原因，造成了1932年松花江水灾极为严重。从水灾的救济看，日伪政府虽组建了北满水灾中央救济委员会和哈尔滨水灾非常委员会及水灾善后复兴委员会，但因日伪政府自身的局限性，以及救灾委员会是在水灾之后成立，虽采取了救济措施，，但成效并不显著，有些救济措施只是纸上谈兵，没能从根本上缓解灾民的生存压力。从水灾的影响看，水灾的发生直接造成了经济上的巨大损失。在农业上，洪水冲毁大多数田地，使粮食减产或绝收，牲畜大量死亡；在工商业上，洪水淹没了城市，交通中断，商品流通缓慢，从而造成了商业贸易停滞。而洪水浸湿库房存有的商品和加工生产的机器厂房等设备，这些都给工商业造成了极大的损失。水灾的发生亦使社会动荡不安，最突出表现是水灾造成大量无家可归、四处流浪的灾民。突如其来的洪水，加上各级政府排水机制并没有完善，水中大量垃圾废物无法处理，致使疫病时有发生，影响民众的身体健康，甚至失去了生命。在失去了经济来源，生命得不到保障时，一些灾民为生存所迫而沦为匪贼，社会动荡不安。同时，一些不法商贩利用这个时机抬高物价，使灾民的生活更加困苦不堪。最终，无论是从精神上还是身体上都给民众带来了巨大的伤害。
[Abstract]:In 1932, the Songhua River flood was a major natural disaster in Heilongjiang since modern times. It has the characteristics of long duration, wide spread and great destruction. It is the biggest flood disaster in the Songhua River since its own records. From the reason of flood, in 1932, the decisive factor of the formation of Songhua River flood was the long time and large area rainfall caused by the abnormal weather change. At the same time, the occurrence of the flood was similar to that of the surrounding river on all sides. The hydrology and topography around the mountains on the three sides are closely related. Excessive reclamation and extensive deforestation of forest resources have seriously damaged the ecological balance. In addition, due to the neglect of the Japanese authorities and the disrepair of the river dike, the flood of the Songhua River in 1932 was extremely serious. From the perspective of flood relief, although the Japanese and puppet governments set up the Central Relief Committee for the Northern Manchuria Flood, the Harbin Flood Special Committee and the Flood Rehabilitation Committee, but due to the limitations of the Japanese-puppet government itself, The disaster relief committee was set up after the flood. Although the relief measures were taken, the results were not remarkable. Some relief measures were just empty talk and failed to alleviate the survival pressure of the disaster victims fundamentally. Judging from the impact of the flood, the flood directly caused enormous economic losses. In agriculture, the floods washed away most fields, reduced or closed the harvest of grain, and killed a large number of livestock. In industry and commerce, the floods flooded the cities. Traffic was interrupted and the circulation of goods was slow, which led to the stagnation of commercial trade. All of these have caused great losses to industry and commerce. The occurrence of floods has also caused social unrest. The most prominent manifestation is that floods have caused a large number of homeless and homeless victims. The sudden floods have come. In addition, the drainage mechanism of governments at all levels is not perfect, and a large amount of garbage waste in water cannot be disposed of. As a result, epidemic diseases occur from time to time, affecting the health of the people and even losing their lives. When they lose their economic resources and their lives are not guaranteed, Some victims are forced to become bandits and thieves for their survival, and the society is in turmoil. At the same time, some illegal traders take advantage of this opportunity to raise prices and make the lives of the victims even more difficult. Finally, Both mentally and physically, they have done great harm to the public.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K263;P426.616

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