论晚清时代的地方外交

发布时间：2018-03-14 05:16

本文选题：清朝　切入点：地方　出处：《广东社会科学》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：外交系国家间的交涉,只能由一国的中央政府掌控。但晚清外交长期存在着二元化的征象,即中央与地方外交的并存。鸦片战争发生后,西人不以交往仅仅局限在商贸领域为满足,要求提升与中国政府的全面外交往来,广州外交体制确立。第二次鸦片战争后,天津在中国外交中扮演着居重地位,北洋大臣的作用愈益趋于主轴。届庚子年,东南又成地方外交的重镇。但伴随近代国家外交理念的萌发,对外事务的趋重,交通通讯的进步,中央外交不仅有了国际法理和国家主权认可的必要性,也有了技术保障的可行性,地方外交式微。地方外交是传统时代向近代时段过渡的产物,反映了从东方朝贡关系——中西贸易关系——国家条约关系的变迁,显示了国人认知从"夷务"——"洋务"——"外务"的进阶,表现了从广州贸易体制——口岸通商体制——中央外交体制的转型。
[Abstract]:The negotiations between the diplomatic departments can only be controlled by the central government of one country. However, in the late Qing Dynasty, there has long been a sign of dualism, that is, the coexistence of central and local diplomacy. After the Opium War, The Westerners were not satisfied with the fact that exchanges were confined to the field of commerce and commerce, and demanded that the overall diplomatic exchanges with the Chinese government be enhanced. The diplomatic system in Guangzhou was established. After the second Opium War, Tianjin played a very important role in Chinese diplomacy. The role of the Minister of the Northern Ocean was becoming more and more important. In the year of the Gengzi, Southeast China became a major town of local diplomacy. But with the germination of the concept of modern national diplomacy, the tendency of foreign affairs and the progress of communications, Central diplomacy not only has the necessity of international legitimacy and the recognition of national sovereignty, but also has the feasibility of technical support. Local diplomacy is the product of the transition from the traditional times to the modern times. It reflects the changes of the relations between China and the West from the oriental tributary relations-the trade relations between China and the West-and the treaty relations between China and the West, and shows that the Chinese people are aware of the advancement of "foreign affairs"-"foreign affairs"-"foreign affairs". It shows the transformation from Guangzhou trade system-port trade system-central diplomatic system.
【作者单位】：北京大学历史学系;
【分类号】：D827;K252

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