民初政体重建与《中华民国临时约法》之省制缺失

发布时间：2018-03-14 14:25

本文选题：《中华民国临时约法》　切入点：政体　出处：《广东社会科学》2014年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：辛亥革命爆发后,共和制取代君主制成为共识,但取法何种模式及形制,不同政治力量在角力下探索。光复各省为应对内外局势,调和各省自治与统一,仿北美十三州建国先例,采邦联制组建南京临时政府。继而因各省掣肘政府权力行使,并影响列强承认新政权,临时政府采取措施集权中央,遭到临时参议院及各省抵制。南北统一后,为限制袁世凯独霸政权,保存共和果实,孙中山在规划未来政制时,试图划分中央与各省权限,但同盟会内部意见纷歧,时势倾向建立强有力的中央集权政府,《中华民国临时约法》未能对省制及中央与各省权限予以规定。这一缺失,将北京临时政府时期的省制构建,置于各派政治力量角力之下,并成为中国长期政局不稳、社会动荡的肇因之一。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, the republic replaced the monarchy as a consensus, but the mode and form of taking the method was explored by different political forces under the struggle. In order to cope with the internal and external situation, to reconcile the autonomy and unity of the provinces. Following the precedent of the founding of the 13 North American state, the provisional government in Nanjing was formed under the confederation system. Then, because of the restrictions on the exercise of government power by the provinces, and the influence of the powers to recognize the new regime, the interim government took measures to centralize the central government. Boycotted by the interim Senate and provinces. After the reunification of the North and the South, in order to limit Yuan Shikai's monopoly on the regime and preserve the fruits of the Republic, Sun Zhongshan tried to divide the central and provincial powers when planning the future political system, but the internal opinions of the League were divided. The current situation tended to establish a powerful centralized government, and the Provisional Treaty Law of the Republic of China failed to stipulate the provincial system and the central and provincial powers. This deficiency placed the establishment of the provincial system in the period of the Beijing interim Government under the struggle of various political forces. And become China's long-term political instability, one of the causes of social unrest.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史系;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金第54批面上资助(项目号2013M541633)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D929;K258

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