甲午战争中国战败原因之悖论

发布时间：2018-03-16 08:44

本文选题：国家安全战略　切入点：军事战略　出处：《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2014年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：120年前的甲午中日战争以清朝战败而告结束。战争爆发前夕李鸿章没有采纳方伯谦提出的完整、具体的攻势防御战略,而是制订了以"存在的舰队"理论为指导的消极防御战略,先是发展海军方针的改变,紧接着是整个国家安全战略、军事战略的改变,迫使福州船政和海军不得不长期处于极端艰窘的境地,这是甲午战争中国战败的重要原因。具体而言,首先,清廷对国家战略层面的一系列错误指导:第一,甲申马尾海战以后清廷决定今后海军建设方针由"造船育才为主,买船引进人才为辅"改为"以购买西方铁甲船为主";第二,国家安全战略由"联俄防日保韩"改为"联日拒俄保韩",相应地国家军事战略由"塞防海防并重"改为陆海战略失衡的"塞防独重"。其次,北洋实力派制订的指导战争的军事方略是完全错误的方略。而宣战后李鸿章上奏折阻止光绪帝采纳礼部右侍郎志锐"请以方伯谦替代不懂海军且畏敌避战的丁汝昌统领北洋水师"建议,则使此战在战争帷幕尚未拉开,国家战败、北洋水师覆灭的命运已经注定了。
[Abstract]:The Sino-Japanese war 120 years ago ended with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty. On the eve of the war, Li Hongzhang did not adopt the complete and specific offensive defense strategy put forward by Fang Boqian. Instead, it formulated a passive defense strategy guided by the "fleet of existence" theory. First, the development of the navy changed its policy, followed by a change in the overall national security strategy and military strategy. The Fuzhou shipship and navy had to be in an extremely difficult position for a long time, which was an important reason for China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War. Specifically, first, the Qing Dynasty gave a series of wrong guidance to the national strategic level: first, After the naval battle at Jiashenmawei, the Qing government decided that the policy of naval construction in the future would be from "building shipbuilding and bringing in talented people as a supplement" to "buying western iron vessels"; second, The national security strategy has changed from "United Russia, defend Japan, protect South Korea" to "United Japan against Russia and protect the Republic of Korea." correspondingly, the national military strategy has changed from "equal emphasis on defense and coastal defense," to "the balance of defense between defense and defense," which is unbalanced in the strategic balance between the land and sea. Secondly, The military strategy formulated by the Bei Yang Power School to guide the war is completely wrong. And after declaring war, Li Hongzhang made a note to prevent Emperor Guang Xu from adopting the ministry of courtesy and serve Lang Zhirui. "Please substitute Fang Boqian for Ding Ru, who does not understand the navy and fears the enemy from avoiding war." Chang is in charge of the Beiyang Watermaster. " The war in the curtain of war has not yet begun, the defeat of the country, the fate of the Northern River Division has been doomed.
【作者单位】：中国大百科全书出版社;
【分类号】：K256.3

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