中国近代留学比利时研究（1903-1949）

发布时间：2018-03-16 13:54

本文选题：留学　切入点：比利时　出处：《暨南大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国近现代留比教育虽然在规模、影响上不能与留英、留美、留日等留学大国相提并论，但是留比教育的形成、发展与演绎的历史进程具有自己的特色，是中国近现代留学教育的重要组成部分。对中国近现代留比教育的研究，具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。正是基于此，本文将从三个方面对中国近现代留比教育进行深入地探讨，希冀在还原历史事实的基础上，作客观、全面、系统的评价。第一部分，中国近现代留比教育的兴起。19世纪初比国开始了工业革命，经济迅猛发展，亟须开拓海外市场，远东的中国成为比国海外扩张的既定战略目标。而当时中国社会的现状，自鸦片战争以后日益发展的“实业救国”思想、早期留欧学生回国后带回的信息、加上外交官员回国后的笔记、报告，将比国推入了国人的视野之中。在这样的历史背景下，中比双方抱着积极的态度促成了中国近现代留比教育的开始。第二部分，中国近现代留比教育分为晚清和民国两个时期。晚清时期的留比教育，其实业性的特征非常明显。学习工科的留比学生占了总数的近八成，其中以习机电、采矿为主，他们回国后进入了铁路、厂矿等机构，成为了基层骨干。民国时期的留比教育受国内外战争因素的影响，主要分为三个时期。初期以沿用延续晚清留学政策为主，中期和后期以勤工俭学运动和庚款留学运动为主。这一时期的特点，表现为留比学生逐步转为以自费生为主；学科上从工科一枝独秀发展为法政、文艺、机电、土木工程等多学科齐头并进；在学历上，硕士以上学历的学生集中在法政领域。第三部分，中国近现代留比学生在政治和文化层面具有积极影响。在政治方面，留比学生较之于其他留欧美学生，更加关心中国近现代国内不同时期的政治运动。从最初的辛亥革命到抗日战争，留比学生都表现了极高的爱国热忱，不仅在海外捐款捐物、宣传中国的政治主张、呼吁国际社会对华援助，而且还踊跃回国参加各种政治运动。在文化方面，留比学生回国后，大多数优秀人才得以进入高等学府，不仅为中国近现代文化的发展作出了贡献，还培养了大批的高级人才，为中国近现代学术的发展与转型做出来重要的贡献。基于上述分析讨论，，中国近现代留比教育的发展轨迹及其特点较为清晰地呈现出来。本文在探讨留比教育的同时，也期为当今的留学教育发展提供些许的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Although the scale and influence of Chinese education for studying in comparison with China in modern times cannot be compared with that of large countries studying abroad, such as studying in Britain, the United States and Japan, the historical process of the formation, development and interpretation of the education of studying in Belgium has its own characteristics. It is an important part of Chinese modern education to study abroad. The research on Chinese modern education of studying abroad is of great academic value and practical significance. In this paper, the author makes a thorough discussion on the education of retention in modern China from three aspects, hoping to make an objective, comprehensive and systematic evaluation on the basis of the restoration of historical facts. The first part, the rise of China's modern education to stay in comparison. In the early 19th century, the industrial revolution began, and the economy developed rapidly, so it was urgent to open up overseas markets. China in the far East has become an established strategic target for overseas expansion of Belgium. At that time, the current situation of Chinese society, the increasingly developed idea of "industrial salvation" since the Opium War, and the information returned by early students who stayed in Europe after returning home, In addition to the notes taken by diplomatic officials after returning to China, the report pushed Biguo into the eyes of the Chinese people. Under such a historical background, the positive attitude between China and Belgium contributed to the beginning of China's modern education in Belgium. In the second part, China's modern education for retention is divided into two periods: the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. In fact, the characteristics of retention education in the late Qing Dynasty are very obvious. After returning to China, they entered railways, factories and mines and became the backbone of the grassroots. The education of staying in Belgium during the period of the Republic of China was mainly influenced by the war factors at home and abroad and was mainly divided into three periods. At the beginning of the period, the policy of continuing to study abroad in the late Qing Dynasty was adopted mainly. In the middle and late stages, the work-study movement and the "study abroad" movement were the main ones. The characteristics of this period were that the students studying in Belgium gradually turned to self-funded students, and the discipline developed from engineering to law, literature and art, and electromechanical. Civil engineering and other subjects go hand in hand; in education, students with master's degree or above are concentrated in the field of law. In the third part, the Chinese modern students have a positive influence on politics and culture. In the political aspect, compared with the other students in Europe and the United States, they have a positive influence. More concerned about the political movements in China at different times in modern and modern times. From the initial Revolution of 1911 to the War of Resistance against Japan, the students in Liberia have all shown great patriotic enthusiasm, not only by donating money and materials abroad, but also by publicizing China's political views. Appeal to the international community for assistance to China, and enthusiastically return to China to participate in various political movements. In terms of culture, most of the outstanding talents have been able to enter institutions of higher learning after returning to China, which has not only contributed to the development of Chinese modern and modern culture, It has also trained a large number of high-level talents and made important contributions to the development and transformation of modern Chinese learning. Based on the above analysis and discussion, the development track and characteristics of retention education in modern China are presented clearly. This paper not only discusses the education of retention ratio, but also provides some reference for the development of education of studying abroad today.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K257;K258;K26

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