20世纪50年代中国学习苏联建设经验的研究（1949-1956）

发布时间：2018-03-17 16:14

本文选题：20世纪50年代　切入点：中国　出处：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二战后,苏联社会主义日渐巩固,且成为一个强大的社会主义国家,苏联取得的这些成就对于立志要实现人民解放、国家富强的中国共产党来说,是震撼的,也是充满诱惑的。新中国成立后,在内外困难重重的国情背景下,中国顺理成章的走上了学习苏联建设社会主义的道路,并对苏联的建设经验展开了全方位、多领域的学习。其后,具有独立自主传统和走自己路经验的中国共产党人很快走上把马克思主义普遍原理与中国实际相结合即毛泽东所说的“第二次结合”的道路。考察这段历史,我们既要肯定其学习的必要性和通过学习所取得的伟大成绩,又要充分揭示学习外国经验中存在的一些问题,总结经验教训。本文以建国前中共与苏联关系的微妙变化及后来中苏两国走向同盟为起因,通过分析中国学习苏联的深层原因、曲折过程、具体表现及其影响,试图以此为视角对五十年代这一段特殊的历史做一个较为全面的解读。论文共分为七个部分：首先是绪论,其主要是对论文的研究意义、研究现状、研究方法及创新之处作一个简单的介绍。通过这些介绍进一步指出本文研究的可行之处。其次是正文。该部分在内容上分为五章,第一章通过历史与现实两个视角,对中国学习苏联的原因作了比较详尽的分析。第二章对中共就如何学习苏联这一问题的辩论作了进一步的分析,主要介绍了党内一些领导人对建国路线及新中国工业化及农业合作化道路的不同思考,从而对新中国如何选择学习苏联的这个决策作了更深一步的分析。第三章对这一时期全面学习苏联的具体表现作了全方位的介绍,内容涵括新中国的各个重要领域,有政治、经济、教育、科学文化及军事等。第四章进一步指出五十年代的这种学习也不是毫无保留的全面照搬,而是在学习的过程也有所保留和创新,虽然在今天看来,这种创新毕竟还是有限的,但是就当时那种特殊的国际国内发展环境而言,还是具有其时代意义的。第五章则对20世纪50年代新中国全面学习苏联这一运动做了一个全面客观的评价,指出新中国初期的这种抉择是既有其历史的必然性,又有其历史的进步性的。并从这种学习带给新中国的积极作用和消极作用两方面着手来对这段历史进行一个客观的评价,并就我们当下正在进行的改革开放,指出其的经验和教训对我们今天中国特色社会主义建设的启示作用。最后在结语部分对论文作了进一步的思考与总结,指出学习外国经验既要注意方法的问题,又要照顾到国情,并要将意识形态的对立与社会主义建设所采用的方式手段两者分开来看待。通览全文,我们得出一个结论,无论是当下还是未来,任何一个国家,资本主义国家也好,社会主义国家也好,在借用别国的经验来发展本国经济的时候,都一定要时刻保持一个清醒的头脑,既要取长补短,又要照顾本国的实际,这不但是我国发展的真理,也是全世界各国发展的真理。只有坚持这条真理,国家才能得到长足有效的发展和进步。
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, the Soviet Union socialism gradually consolidated, and become a powerful socialist country, the Soviet Union made these achievements to aspire to achieve liberation and prosperity of the country China Communist Party, is a shock, but also full of temptation. After the founding of new China, inside and outside the difficult conditions, the logical Chinese go on the study of Soviet Socialist Construction Road, and construction experience of the Soviet Union launched a full range, multi field learning. Then, with independent tradition and his own way of experience China Communists very quickly on the Marx doctrine and the general principle of China combining what Mao Zedong called the "second combination" of the road. Reviewing the history of this period, we should not only affirm the necessity of learning and the great achievements gained through learning, but also to fully reveal the experience in learning foreign Some of the problems, summarize the experience and lessons. The subtle changes before the founding of the PRC relations with the Soviet Union and the Sino Soviet Alliance as the cause to the later, through the analysis of Chinese learning deep reasons, the Soviet Union and tortuous concrete manifestation and influence, from the perspective of trying to make a comprehensive interpretation of 50s this special history. This paper is divided into seven parts:
The first is the introduction, which mainly introduces the research significance, research status, research methods and innovations of the paper. Through these introductions, it further points out the feasibility of this research.
The second is the text. This part consists of five chapters, the first chapter through the two perspectives of history and reality, to learn from the Soviet Union China has made a detailed analysis. The second chapter of the Communist Party of China on how to learn the Soviet debate made further analysis, mainly introduces some party leaders of different thinking on the route and the new China industrialization and agricultural cooperation Road, and on how to choose the new Chinese analysis study this Soviet made decision further. The third chapter of this period, a comprehensive study of specific performance of the Soviet Union made a comprehensive introduction, important areas, including the new Chinese with politics the economy, education, science, culture and military. The fourth chapter further pointed out that in 50s the study is not without reservation to imitate, but in the process of learning and innovation have reservations, though But today, this kind of innovation is limited after all, but that kind of special international and domestic development environment, still has its significance. The fifth chapter of the 1950s new Chinese comprehensive study of the Soviet Union this movement made a comprehensive and objective evaluation, points out that the choice of new Chinese early is inevitable in history, and its historical progress. And from the two aspects of learning bring positive effects and negative effects of the new China do to make an objective evaluation of this period of history, and our ongoing reform and opening up, pointed out the implications of the experience and lessons for us today Chinese characteristics in the socialist construction.
In the concluding part of the thesis makes a further thinking and summary, pointed out that learning foreign experience not only to pay attention to methods, but also take care of the situation, and the differences and means of socialist construction ideology adopted separately. From the paper, we draw a conclusion, whether now or in the future. Any country, capitalist countries or socialist countries or, when borrowing the experience of other countries to the development of the national economy, must keep a clear mind, not only to make up for the deficiencies, but also take care of their own reality, this is not only China's development of the truth, but also the development of all countries in the world only adhere to the truth. This truth, the state can be rapid and effective development and progress.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27

【参考文献】