陈诚抗战思想及其实践

发布时间：2018-03-19 00:17

本文选题：陈诚　切入点：抗战思想　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：陈诚作为抗战时期国民党的主要将领之一,其抗日思想经历了一个演变的过程。他作为一个出生于没落地主家庭的孩子,从小就受到中国传统“忠君爱国”思想的影响。后在保定军官学校和黄埔军校的学习,促使其形成军事战略思想和爱国主义观念。正因这些影响再加上对蒋介石知遇之恩的感激,使陈诚的思想中又时常透露着忠蒋情结。陈诚抗日思想呈现着爱国主义、坚决抗战和忠于蒋介石领导的特征。九一八事变前后,陈诚对日本侵略表达出强烈愤慨和准备作战的想法。他毫不留情地批评张学良不抵抗行为,指责他对东三省的丢失负有重大责任。同时,他对徒具形式的国联自始至终并未抱任何希望。他认为抗战必须围绕在蒋介石领导的国民党政权下进行,反对蒋介石的政敌们以抗战之名,行分裂之实。同时对于国民政府的腐败无能,也是毫不留情地痛下针砭,多次向蒋介石进言改革政治、军事等方面的弊端。陈诚抗战思想也体现四个层面：其一是“持久战消耗战”思想,认为中国的应战对策便是要打破日本“速战速决”的企图,实行持久战,把日本拖入长达数年之久的战争中,使其不得不分散兵力于中国各处,陷于中国广袤的国土之中。为了贯彻“持久战消耗战”必须实行“全民的”、“全面的”抗战,唯有此才能弥补中国实力孱弱的不足,发挥“地广人多”的优势,这位陈诚抗战思想的另外两个层面,将中国的抗战置于“世界的反法西斯的抗战”视野中,这是陈诚抗战思想的第四个层面。随着国内政治形势的变化,尤其是中国共产党力量壮大,陈诚开始转向保守,对国共合作、全面发动群众参加抗战持保留态度。他既反对任何破坏抗日民族统一战线的活动,对汪伪政权和其他叛变投敌活动进行坚决斗争,但又对中国共产党心怀戒心,恐其趁势做大。他主政湖北期间,将自己的抗战思想付诸实践。经济改革上提出“增加生产”、“征购实物”、“物物交换”、“凭证分配”的民生主义经济政策,以粮食增产为目的进行土地改革,实行以保证军民供应为目的统制经济政策。教育上积极发展公费教育,为“抗战建国”保存大量后备人才。这些措施得到湖北各界称赞,无可否认的是,对蒋介石的遵从和对共产党的敌意,也使得其政策体现出对共产党的种种防范。
[Abstract]:As one of the main generals of the Kuomintang during the War of Resistance against Japan, Chen Cheng's anti-Japanese thought went through an evolutionary process. He was influenced by the Chinese tradition of "loyal monarch patriotism" from an early age. Later, he studied at the Baoding military Academy and the Huangpu military Academy. As a result of these influences and thanks to the gratitude for Jiang Jieshi, Chen Cheng's thoughts on loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek are often revealed in his mind. Chen Cheng's anti-Japanese ideology is patriotic. Resolute resistance and loyalty to Jiang Jieshi's leadership. Before and after the 918 incident, Chen Cheng expressed his strong indignation at the Japanese aggression and his intention to prepare for war. He mercilessly criticized Zhang Xueliang for not resisting, accusing him of being heavily responsible for the loss of the three eastern provinces. At the same time, He had no hope of a formalized League of Nations. He believed that the war of resistance must be carried out under the Kuomintang regime led by Jiang Jieshi, and that political opponents who were opposed to Jiang Jieshi used the name of the War of Resistance against Japan. At the same time, to the corruption and incompetence of the national government, it is also a ruthless criticism, repeatedly to Jiang Jieshi to reform the political, military and other shortcomings. Chen Cheng's thought of the War of Resistance also embodies four levels: first, the idea of "protracted war and attrition war," which holds that China's countermeasures are to break Japan's attempt to "make quick decisions", to carry out protracted war, and to drag Japan into a war that has lasted for several years. In order to carry out the "protracted war of attrition", it must carry out a "nationwide" and "all-out" war of resistance, and only in this way can it make up for the weakness of China's weak strength. Giving full play to the advantage of "vast land and a large population," Chen Cheng put China's anti-Japanese war in the perspective of "the world's anti-fascist war of resistance" at the other two levels of his thought on the War of Resistance against Japan. This is the fourth level of Chen Cheng's thought of the War of Resistance against Japan. With the changes in the domestic political situation, especially the strength of the Communist Party of China, Chen Cheng began to turn to conservatism and cooperation with the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. He was opposed to any activities to undermine the anti-Japanese national United front and resolutely fought against the puppet regime of Wang and other activities of defection to the enemy, but he was wary of the Communist Party of China and feared that it would take advantage of the situation. During his administration in Hubei, he put his anti-Japanese thought into practice. In economic reform, he put forward the economic policy of "increasing production", "requisition and purchase of goods", "barter", "voucher distribution", and carried out land reform for the purpose of increasing grain production. The purpose of controlling the economic policy is to ensure the supply of the army and the civilian population. In education, we should actively develop public education and preserve a large number of reserve personnel for the "War of Resistance against Japan and the people's Republic of China." these measures have been praised by all walks of life in Hubei, and it is undeniable that, Compliance with Jiang Jieshi and hostility to the Communist Party also make its policy reflect various precautions against the Communist Party.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K265;D092

【参考文献】