抗战时期陕西的农业改良与农村经济发展研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 22:25

本文选题：抗战时期　切入点：陕西　出处：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：陕西自古是我国的农业大省,这里有着丰富的农产品种类和精耕细作的优良农业传统。抗战之前的陕西农业在国民政府开发西北政策的扶持下取得了较快的发展,无论是其水利设施的兴修还是优良农作物品种的引进、培育与推广均逐渐达到近世之较高水平。七七事变后,抗日战争全面爆发,陕西处于抗日大后方第一线的重要地位,战略地位日益突出。伴随着战时沦陷区机关、工厂、学校以及数以万计的难民内迁入陕,陕西农业与农村经济面临着巨大的压力与负担。在这一特殊历史时期,国民政府在政策、资金与技术方面进一步对陕西的农业生产和农业经济进行扶持。而陕西地方政府抓住机遇进一步调整了农业政策,在战前陕西农田水利发展的基础之上,改良和发展了农业生产技术,使农业经济保持了较快发展的速度,最大程度上保证了陕西本省、广大后方以及前线民食军需之用,在后勤保障与物资供应方面为抗战的胜利作出了巨大的贡献。这一时期农业生产技术改良以近代化农田水利设施的兴修为龙头,其施工规模与近代化水平在国内首屈一指,为陕西的农业发展提供了保障；同时陕西的农业科研教育机构相继建立和完善,在其领导下的农业改良促进了农业科技的全面发展和广泛传播。农、科、教相互作用、齐头并进,不仅提高了农作物产量而且使陕西的农业经济逐步进入到了近代化的发展轨道上,抗战时期陕西的农业改良促进了陕西农村经济的较快发展。这一时期的农业改良的成效与模式对于今天陕西农业发展有着一定的借鉴作用。本文主要从以下五个方面展开论述：第一部分为绪论,主要阐述论文的选题背景及其意义、当前国内对这一问题的研究状况、论文的研究思路与方法、研究内容,以及相关概念的界定等。第二部分详细阐述了抗战爆发前,陕西农业的自然概况,陕西农业的初步恢复和发展的政策背景和社会背景以及取得的成就。第三部分详细阐述了抗战爆发后,国民政府出台的相关兴农政策以及在其大力扶持下陕西地方政府具体的农业改良措施。第四部分主要分析了农业改良促进了农村经济的发展以及取得的成绩。第五部分总结了陕西农业改良的特点和不足。
[Abstract]:Shaanxi has been a large agricultural province in China since ancient times, with rich agricultural products and fine agricultural traditions. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, Shaanxi agriculture developed rapidly with the support of the National Government's policy of developing northwest China. Both the establishment of its water conservancy facilities and the introduction of fine crop varieties have gradually reached a higher level in modern times. After the July 7th incident, the War of Resistance against Japan broke out in an all-round way. Shaanxi is in an important position in the front line of the anti-Japanese rear area, and its strategic position is becoming increasingly prominent. Along with the relocation of organs, factories, schools and tens of thousands of refugees from the enemy-occupied areas during the war, Shaanxi's agriculture and rural economy are facing tremendous pressure and burden. In this special historical period, the National Government is in the policy, Funds and technology further supported Shaanxi's agricultural production and agricultural economy. However, local governments in Shaanxi seized the opportunity to further adjust their agricultural policies, on the basis of the development of irrigation and water conservancy in Shaanxi before the war. By improving and developing agricultural production techniques, the agricultural economy has maintained a relatively rapid development speed, and to the greatest extent has ensured the use of military supplies for the people in Shaanxi Province, the vast rear areas and the front lines. In logistics support and supplies for the victory of the War of Resistance made a great contribution. In this period, the improvement of agricultural production technology was led by the construction of modern irrigation and water conservancy facilities, and its construction scale and modernization level were second to none in China, which provided the guarantee for the agricultural development of Shaanxi. At the same time, the agricultural scientific research and education institutions in Shaanxi have been established and perfected one after another, and the agricultural improvement under its leadership has promoted the overall development and widespread dissemination of agricultural science and technology. Not only has the yield of crops been increased, but also the agricultural economy of Shaanxi has gradually entered the track of modernization. The agricultural improvement in Shaanxi during the Anti-Japanese War has promoted the rapid development of Shaanxi rural economy, and the results and models of agricultural improvement in this period have a certain reference for the agricultural development of Shaanxi today. This paper mainly discusses the following five aspects:. The first part is the introduction, mainly describes the background and significance of the topic, the current domestic research on this issue, research ideas and methods, research content, as well as the definition of related concepts. The second part elaborates the natural situation of Shaanxi agriculture before the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the policy background and social background of the initial recovery and development of Shaanxi agriculture, and the achievements made. The third part elaborates the relevant agricultural policies issued by the National Government after the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan and the specific agricultural improvement measures of the Shaanxi local government under its vigorous support. The 4th part mainly analyzes the agricultural improvement has promoted the rural economy development and the achievement. Part 5th summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of Shaanxi agricultural improvement.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F329;K265

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