清至民国陕西水旱灾害研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 02:26

本文选题：清代　切入点：民国　出处：《中国历史地理论丛》2014年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：清至民国的306年是陕西自然灾害频发的一个时期,其中危害最为严重的是旱灾和水灾,总计旱灾发生年193年,水灾发生年242年。根据资料分析,平均1.55年有一个旱灾年,1.26年有一个水灾年,频繁性是水旱灾害发生的一个显著特点;水旱灾害的发生还呈现出比较明显的增长趋势,其高发期也与"明清小冰期"的气候冷暖波动或冷暖交替时期基本对应;从灾害影响的范围来看,旱灾具有广泛性的特点,较大面积以上的旱灾年可占旱灾年总数的51.3%,水灾则具有局部性的特点,较大面积以上的水灾年仅占水灾年总数的29.34%;就水旱灾害发生的地区而言,旱灾主要集中于关中和陕北,水灾则主要集中于关中和陕南,地域性是水旱灾害的一个共同特点;水旱灾害的发生都具有比较明显的季节性,关中和陕北地区的旱灾主要集中于夏、秋二季,陕南的旱灾则主要集中于夏、春两季;陕西各地的水灾则以秋季为最多,夏季次之;水旱灾害在年际发生特点上具有各自的周期,陕北旱灾变化的周期是40、80年,关中是80年,陕南是20、50年,陕北水灾变化表现出35、90年的变化周期,关中和陕南为30、80年的变化周期。
[Abstract]:The 306 years from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China were a period of frequent natural disasters in Shaanxi, among which the most serious ones were drought and flood. The total drought occurred in 193 years, and the flood occurred in 242 years. According to the data analysis, On average, there is a drought year in 1.5 years and a flood year in 1.26 years. The frequency of flood and drought disasters is a remarkable feature, and the occurrence of flood and drought disasters also shows a relatively obvious increasing trend. The high incidence period is basically corresponding to the climate fluctuation or alternate periods of climate in the "Little Ice Age of Ming and Qing dynasties". Judging from the scope of disaster impact, drought is characterized by a wide range of characteristics. Drought with a larger area or more can account for 51.3% of the total number of drought years, while floods have local characteristics. Floods with large areas above account for only 29.34% of the total number of flood years. In the areas where floods and droughts occur, drought is mainly concentrated in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi. Floods are mainly concentrated in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi, and the region is a common feature of flood and drought disasters. The occurrence of flood and drought disasters is obviously seasonal. The droughts in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi are mainly concentrated in the summer and autumn seasons. The drought in southern Shaanxi is mainly concentrated in summer and spring; the floods in various parts of Shaanxi are mostly in autumn, followed by summer; the flood and drought disasters have their own cycles in terms of their interannual characteristics. The periods of drought and drought change in northern Shaanxi are 40,80 years and in Guanzhong 80 years. The flood changes in northern Shaanxi show a period of 3590 years, and in Guanzhong and South Shaanxi, the period of change is 30,80 years.
【作者单位】：西安文理学院长安历史文化研究中心;西安文理学院文化与旅游学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“中国西部旱灾的社会应对研究(1644-1949)” (12XZS015)陕西省社会科学基金项目“清至民国陕西农业自然灾害研究” (11J052)西安市科技计划项目“明清时期秦岭水资源变化对生态环境及社会影响研究——以陕南汉江上游为例”(CXY1352WL33)阶段性成果
【分类号】：K251;P429

【参考文献】