乌干达艾滋病防治运动研究（1982-2011）

发布时间：2018-03-20 03:02

本文选题：乌干达　切入点：艾滋病　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在人类发现艾滋病的30多年间,世界,尤其是非洲被深深地卷入了艾滋病灾难之中。1982年,乌干达出现了第一例艾滋病病例,成为较早深受艾滋病影响的非洲国家之一。1986年穆塞韦尼政府成立后,迅速对其作出反应,在乌干达发起了声势浩大的全民防治艾滋病的运动。在乌干达社会各方参与者的共同努力下,乌干达的艾滋病患病率从90年代初开始持续下降,到21世纪一直稳定在6%左右,不仅最先在世界上首先将艾滋病患病率上升的趋势逆转,还使得乌干达经历了世界上艾滋病患病率的最大降幅,在艾滋病防治领域取得了明显成效。本文尝试以历史视角从乌干达政府、民众、国内外非政府组织等三个层面探索乌干达30年来与艾滋病斗争的发展过程,以期在梳理乌干达艾滋病防治的实践中获取有借鉴意义的启示。本文正文共分为四章：第一章主要论述非洲艾滋病肆虐的原因及乌干达艾滋病灾难的发展。贫困、动荡的政局、传统习俗及国际社会有限的帮助等都是助长非洲艾滋病蔓延的原因。乌干达从当初乏力的社会应对到穆塞韦尼政府积极的开展艾滋病运动,最终取得了抗击艾滋病的丰硕成果。第二章首先概述穆塞韦尼政府成立前乌干达社会对艾滋病的应对,然后主要论述穆塞韦尼政府成立后组织和领导乌干达艾滋病运动的状况。政府积极的艾滋病防治政策和机构调整、多部门防治策略及“ABC”策略的确立及实施、其努力营造的良好防治氛围等都彰显了穆塞韦尼政府在这场斗争中的领导作用,最后分析穆塞韦尼总统本人在这场运动中发挥的作用。第三章着重论述乌干达民众和国内外的非政府组织的艾滋病防治活动。乌干达民众积极参与同与艾滋病相关的污名与歧视的斗争及大众媒体运动,是整个运动的主力军；乌干达非政府组织及国际组织、团体的贡献更是功不可没,它们一系列的活动,有效的联络了政府与民众,城镇与乡村,加深了地区间的沟通。第四章是本文的结论部分,着重阐述乌干达艾滋病防治运动的经验和影响。通过对全文的梳理和总结,在乌干达的艾滋病防治运动中探索其成功经验和教训,找寻乌干达30年的艾滋病防治史中有益的启示。余论部分简要分析乌干达在不利条件下取得的防治成果,指出其仍面临众多的挑战。在乌干达防治艾滋病运动对国内外社会发展的影响中进一步探求其防治实践对其他国家和地区艾滋病防治的示范性及可改进之处。
[Abstract]:In the more than 30 years since the discovery of AIDS, the world, especially Africa, has been deeply involved in the AIDS disaster. In 1982, Uganda saw its first case of AIDS. To become one of the African countries affected by AIDS earlier. After the establishment of the Museveni Government in 1986, it reacted quickly to it. A massive national campaign to combat AIDS has been launched in Uganda. With the joint efforts of all participants in Ugandan society, the prevalence rate of AIDS in Uganda has been steadily decreasing since early 90s, and has remained stable at around 6% since 21th century. It is not only the first in the world to reverse the increasing trend of the prevalence of AIDS, but also to make Uganda experience the largest decline in the prevalence of AIDS in the world, and has achieved remarkable results in the field of AIDS prevention and treatment. This paper attempts to explore the development process of Uganda's fight against AIDS in the past 30 years from three aspects: the Ugandan government, the people, and the NGOs at home and abroad. This paper is divided into four chapters:. The first chapter mainly discusses the causes of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and the development of the AIDS disaster in Uganda. Traditional customs and limited help from the international community are all factors contributing to the spread of AIDS in Africa. Uganda from a weak social response to the Museveni government actively launched the AIDS campaign, and finally achieved fruitful results in the fight against AIDS. The second chapter first outlines the response of Ugandan society to AIDS before the establishment of Museveni Government. Then it mainly discusses the situation of organizing and leading the AIDS campaign in Uganda after the establishment of Museveni government, the active policy and institutional adjustment of AIDS prevention and control, the establishment and implementation of multi-sector prevention and control strategy and "ABC" strategy. Its efforts to create a good climate of prevention and control have highlighted the leadership of the Museveni government in the struggle, and finally analyzed the role played by President Museveni himself in the campaign. The third chapter focuses on the HIV / AIDS prevention and control activities of the people of Uganda and non-governmental organizations at home and abroad. The active participation of the Ugandan people in the struggle against stigma and discrimination related to AIDS and the mass media movement is the main force of the whole movement; Uganda's NGOs and international organizations and groups have contributed to the success of a series of activities that have effectively linked the government and the population, towns and villages, and deepened regional communication. Chapter 4th is the conclusion of this paper, focusing on the experience and impact of Uganda AIDS campaign. Through combing and summarizing the full text, this paper explores its successful experience and lessons in the Uganda AIDS campaign. Looking for 30 years of history of AIDS prevention and treatment in Uganda beneficial enlightenment. The last part briefly analyzes the achievements of Uganda in the prevention and treatment under adverse conditions. It is pointed out that it still faces many challenges. In the influence of Uganda's anti-AIDS campaign on the social development at home and abroad, the demonstration and improvement of its prevention and treatment practice to other countries and regions are further explored.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27;R-09

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