彭湃的农民运动思想与策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 07:32

本文选题：彭湃　切入点：农民　出处：《上海师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以海丰农民的革命性与保守性切入点,展开阐述了彭湃是如何破解农民的保守性,激活与发展农民的革命性。经过革命实践,彭湃探索出动员农民的一系列经验。具体说,他从思想机制、利益机制、组织机制三个方面成功将农民组织起来。首先,在思想机制上,本文主要讲述了如何培养农民的阶级意识。彭湃通过比较农民与地主的付出与收获,使农民产生绝对剥夺感,从而形成农民对自己的社会弱者角色的认知,以这种身份认同与辨别为基础,成功地把阶级意识嵌入到农民的思想中。其次,在利益机制上,本文讲述了彭湃通过步步为营、由小及大的策略,逐步打破传统规则,成功激活与加强了农民的利益诉求,并把这种朴素的利益诉求巧妙地纳入到农会组织框架中,使之成为农会运动的动力。面对农民日益增进的利益诉求,彭湃采取经济斗争与政治斗争的手段,来满足农民的愿望。在组织机制上,本文陈述农民与农会之间形成一种保护与被保护的共同体,广大底层农民的积极加入壮大了农会。而农会又因其为农民提供的多方面争取利益的渠道,吸引了更多农民的加入。最后,本文概括了农民动员的政治后果。一方面是农民大量加入农会,农民运动风起云涌。但另一方面,则由于地主与农会之间你来我往的斗争,进一步强化了农民的阶级意识。本文还进而分析农民在利益欲望的膨胀下,以及在与地主生死存亡斗争的互动过程中,最终演化为激进的革命恐怖行为的过程。最后,农会也受制于农民的革命朴素欲望,通过进一步激化矛盾来强化阶级斗争的决策,然而由于力量对比不利于农民,最终导致农民运动受到镇压转向低潮。海丰农民运动在中国革命史上具有重要的历史地位,海丰农民运动的革命性是无庸置疑的,本文指出,它的不成熟性、粗放性与激进性,是革命发展初期阶段难以避免的,同时也是与中国革命发展初期阶段的历史环境条件相联系的,当中国革命步步深入,中国革命者的政治思维与政治经验进一步在斗争中成熟,海丰农民运动所体现的缺点也逐渐被新一代革命者克服,这一段历史为人们提供的经验教训将纳入到中国人的思想宝库中。
[Abstract]:Based on the revolutionary and conservative point of view of Haifeng peasants, this paper expounds how Peng Pai cracked the conservatism of peasants, activated and developed their revolutionary nature. After the revolutionary practice, Peng Pai explored a series of experiences in mobilizing peasants. He successfully organized the peasants from three aspects: ideological mechanism, benefit mechanism and organizational mechanism. First, in the ideological mechanism, this paper mainly describes how to cultivate the class consciousness of peasants. Peng Pai compares the efforts and gains of peasants and landlords. In order to make farmers feel absolutely deprived and form their cognition of the role of the weak in their society, they successfully embed class awareness into the peasants' thoughts on the basis of this identity and discrimination. Secondly, in the interest mechanism, This paper tells that Peng Pai gradually broke the traditional rules and succeeded in activating and strengthening the peasants' interest demands through the step by step, by small and large strategies, and skillfully brought this simple interest appeal into the framework of the peasant association organization. To make it the driving force of the peasant association movement. In the face of the increasing interest demands of the peasants, Peng Pai adopted the means of economic and political struggle to satisfy the peasants' wishes. In terms of organizational mechanism, This paper states that there is a community of protection and protection between farmers and peasant associations, and the active participation of the peasants at the bottom has strengthened the farmers' associations. Finally, this paper summarizes the political consequences of peasant mobilization. On the one hand, the peasants have joined peasant associations in large numbers, and the peasant movement is surging. On the other hand, due to the struggle between the landlords and peasant associations, It further strengthens the class consciousness of the peasants. This paper also analyzes the process of the peasants in the expansion of interest desire, and in the interactive process of the struggle against the landlord, which eventually evolved into a radical revolutionary terrorist act. Finally, Peasant associations are also constrained by the peasants' desire for revolutionary simplicity and intensify the decision of class struggle by further intensifying contradictions. However, because the contrast of power is not favorable to the peasants, the peasant movement is finally suppressed and turned to a low tide. The Haifeng peasant movement has an important historical position in the history of Chinese revolution. The revolutionary nature of the Haifeng peasant movement is beyond doubt. This paper points out that its immature, extensive and radical nature is inevitable in the early stage of revolution development. At the same time, it is also linked to the historical environmental conditions in the early stages of the development of the Chinese revolution. As the Chinese revolution deepened step by step, the political thinking and experience of the Chinese revolutionaries were further matured in the struggle. The shortcomings embodied in the Haifeng peasant movement were gradually overcome by the new generation of revolutionaries, and the experience and lessons provided by this period of history will be brought into the Chinese thought treasury.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K262

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