“文革”时期曲阜“批林批孔”运动研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 11:27

本文选题：“文化大革命”　切入点：曲阜　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： “批林批孔”运动是“文革”后期全国范围内开展的、强制推行“左”倾理论和实践的一场政治运动。其中,又尤以曲阜地区最具代表性。本论文即是以曲阜地区为视角,从“批林批孔”运动的开场与当地民众的反应、开展的方式、内容与特点和影响等方面对这场政治运动详加探究的。曲阜地区的“批林批孔”运动是借“九·一三”林彪叛逃事件与周恩来批判极“左”思潮触动“文化大革命”根基致使毛泽东思想逐渐“左”转而倾法批儒之机爆发的。这场运动在曲阜开场后,当地大多数干部群众对运动的发动持消极乃至抵制的态度。迫于压力,曲阜县委及各级领导部门被迫采用举办政治夜校、开展批判会、展览会、写大字报、黑板报、建立图书室、组建文艺宣传队和创作诗歌儿歌等方式推动运动的开展。一方面,与全国其他地区一样,曲阜地区的“批林批孔”运动的主要内容为批判林彪和孔子。另外,作为山东的特色,时任山东省委第二书记兼济南军区政委的袁升平则被当做林彪在山东的代理人,予以批判。再者,对当时社会上流行的否定“文革”的理论和做法也予以批判。另一方面,曲阜的这场运动又有其特色。即缺乏群众基础、错把孔府当孔子批、主力军是知识分子而非工农群众、形式多种多样和趋于应付等。纵观曲阜的“批林批孔”运动,尽管它产生了较大影响,即加剧了极“左”思潮地蔓延,对生产、教育和文化都产生重大破坏等之外,但这未能改变人们初始的抵制态度。从这一角度来看,毛泽东想借“批林批孔”运动以批判儒家,宣扬法家以维护“文化大革命”的目的并没有实现,江青图谋借机批判周恩来以为其上台“组阁”而扫清障碍的阴谋也没能得逞。从这个角度讲,“文革”已不得人心,人们普遍厌恶“批林批孔”运动,正是在这样的背景下,人们把希望寄托在以周恩来、邓小平为首的老革命同志身上,这也为1975年邓小平重新上台以及后来的“四人帮”的倒台奠定了坚实的群众基础。
[Abstract]:The movement of "approving forests and criticizing holes" was carried out throughout the country in the late period of the Cultural Revolution. It was a political movement to enforce the theory and practice of "left-leaning". Among them, the Qufu area is the most representative one. This paper is based on the Qufu area as a visual angle. From the opening of the "grant forest and hole" movement and the reaction of the local people, the way in which it was carried out, The content, characteristics and influence of this political movement are deeply explored. The movement of "approving the forest and criticizing the hole" in Qufu region touched "cultural revolution" by means of the "9 路13" Lin Biao defection incident and Zhou Enlai's critique of the "left" trend of thought. The foundation of "fate" caused Mao Zedong's thought to gradually "left" and turn to the opportunity of criticizing Confucianism by the law. The movement began in Qufu. The majority of the local cadres and masses held a negative or even a boycott attitude towards the launching of the movement. Under pressure, the Qufu County Party Committee and its leading departments at all levels were forced to hold political evening schools, hold critical meetings, hold exhibitions, write big-character posters and blackboards. The establishment of the library, the establishment of literary and artistic propaganda teams and the creation of poetry and children's songs promoted the development of the movement. On the one hand, as in other parts of the country, the main content of the movement of "criticizing Lin Biao and Confucius" in Qufu was to criticize Lin Biao and Confucius. As a characteristic of Shandong, Yuan Shengping, then the second secretary of the Shandong Provincial CPC Committee and political commissar of the Jinan military region, was criticized as Lin Biao's agent in Shandong. On the other hand, this movement in Qufu also had its own characteristics. That is, the lack of mass base and mistaken Confucius as Confucius criticism, the main force is intellectuals, not workers and peasants. There are various forms and tend to cope. Throughout Qufu, the movement of "approving forests and approving holes" has had a great impact, that is, it has aggravated the spread of the "very left" trend of thought, and has caused great damage to production, education and culture. But this failed to change the initial resistance. From this point of view, Mao Zedong's attempt to criticize Confucianism and propagate the Legalists to safeguard the "Cultural Revolution" through the movement of "approving forests and criticizing Confucius" did not materialize. Jiang Qing's plot to take the opportunity to criticize Zhou Enlai for "forming a cabinet" and clearing up obstacles did not succeed. From this point of view, the "Cultural Revolution" has become unpopular, and people generally dislike the movement of "criticizing forests and criticizing Confucius." it is against this background that, People pinned their hopes on the old revolutionary comrades headed by Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, which laid a solid mass foundation for Deng Xiaoping to return to power in 1975 and the fall of the Gang of four later.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27

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