民国呼海铁路的建设及其影响

发布时间：2018-03-21 08:56

本文选题：呼海铁路　切入点：东北自办铁路　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：呼海铁路是民国黑龙江省政府及民众完全自主筹集资金、由中国人自行设计施工建设的一条民族自建铁路。该路南端起自哈尔滨松花江北岸的马家船口,途径呼兰、康金井、石人城、绥化、兴隆镇等地,一路向北终到黑龙江省腹地的海伦。关于修建呼海铁路的动议自清末就早已有之。二十世纪伊始,面对沙俄通过中东路攫取东北财富、控制东北经济命脉、意图将东北地区殖民化的严峻形势,为了与列强争夺利权、维护民族独立及领土完整,黑龙江的官员及民众提出了修筑一条由哈尔滨江北马家船口经呼兰、绥化、海伦向北直达瑷珲(今黑河)的铁路的计划,但囿于线路过于漫长、且筹款困难而未能成行。此后,黑龙江省议会又通过了先修筑由马家船口至海伦间一段铁路的决议,但由于筹款仍旧困难以及辛亥革命的爆发,使得该路修建不了了之。此后十数年间,在经历了被俄国逼迫签订俄亚合同以及被俄商谢吉斯兄弟蒙骗等坎坷和风波后,黑龙江省官民决心不假外国资本自行筹建呼海铁路。1925年8月,呼海铁路终于开始动工建设,在经历了两年多的施工后,于1927年12月全线通车。本文主要从三个部分来研究、介绍呼海铁路的建设背景、施工过程以及对铁路沿线地区的影响。本文的第一部分是呼海铁路的建设背景。呼海铁路之所以能够最终开工敷设,主要是由于黑龙江省政府及民众对于修建此路的强烈意愿,此种意愿一是为了抵抗列强对东北的经济侵略,二是为了发展地方经济、提高沿途民众的经济收入生活水平。此外还要仰赖东北地区在此前二十余年的铁路建设中积累了宝贵的经验、培养了相关专业人才。另外,吴俊升等政府官员的支持和推动也给呼海铁路的建设提供了重要的帮助。本文的第二部分是呼海铁路的建设过程。为了筹建呼海铁路,黑龙江省政府先后成立了呼海铁路总公司和呼海铁路工程局两大管理和运营机构,前者负责筹措资金,后者则主管具体施工事宜。本文的第三部分是呼海铁路建成后的影响。呼海铁路的开通,在一定程度上分割了中东铁路的经济利益,促进了沿线地区的经济发展与城市化进程。此外,呼海铁路的通车对于加强黑龙江省北部地区的治安、边防,以及救助关内流民灾民同样具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The Huhai Railway is a self-built railway designed and constructed by the Chinese people through the Heilongjiang Provincial Government and the public in the Republic of China. The southern end of the railway starts from the Ma Jia Chuankou on the north bank of the Songhua River in Harbin and passes through Hulan and Kangjin wells. Shiren City, Suihua, Xinglong Town, etc., all the way north to Helen in the hinterland of Heilongjiang Province. The motion on building the Huhai Railway has been in existence since the end of the Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of 20th century, facing the Czarist Russia to seize the wealth of the Northeast through the Middle East Road, In order to control the economic lifeline of the Northeast and to colonize the grim situation in the Northeast region, in order to compete with the powers for profit and to safeguard the national independence and territorial integrity, officials and people in Heilongjiang proposed to build a boat crossing Hulan from the northern part of the Harbin River through Hulan. Suihua, Helen's plan to go north to Aihui, but limited by the length of the line and the difficulty of raising funds, the Heilongjiang Provincial Parliament passed a resolution to build a railway from Majiakuankou to Helen first. However, because of the difficulties in raising funds and the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, the construction of the road was not completed. In the following ten years, after being forced by Russia to sign the Russia-Asia contract and cheated by the Russian businessmen and the brothers of the Zegius, In August 1925, the construction of the Huhai Railway finally began. After more than two years of construction, the railway was opened to traffic on December 1927. This paper mainly studies from three parts. This paper introduces the background of Huhai railway construction, the construction process and the influence on the area along the railway line. The first part of this paper is the background of the construction of the Huhai railway. Mainly because of the strong will of the Heilongjiang provincial government and the people to build this road, first to resist the economic aggression of the foreign powers against the northeast, and second, to develop the local economy. To improve the economic income and living standard of the people along the way. In addition, we have to rely on the valuable experience accumulated in the railway construction in the Northeast region in the past 20 years and the training of relevant professionals. In addition, The support and promotion of Wu Junsheng and other government officials also provided important help for the construction of the Huhai Railway. The second part of this paper is the construction process of the Huhai Railway. In order to prepare for the construction of the Huhai Railway, The Heilongjiang Provincial Government has successively established the Huhai Railway Corporation and the Huhai Railway Engineering Bureau, two major management and operational organizations. The former is responsible for raising funds. The latter is in charge of the specific construction matters. The third part of this paper is the influence of the Huhai Railway after its completion. The opening of the Huhai Railway, to a certain extent, divides the economic interests of the Middle East Railway. In addition, the opening of the Huhai Railway is also of great significance for strengthening public order, frontier defense and relief for displaced people in northern Heilongjiang Province.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K258

【参考文献】