1932-1937年河南省土地整理研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 22:18

本文选题：河南省　切入点：土地整理　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：北京政府于1914年筹设全国经界局,计划整理全国土地,因战事不断,不久撤销。其制定的计划,成为一纸空文。袁世凯死后,地处中原的河南省,更是深受军阀混战的严重影响,人口大量逃亡,土地大量荒芜。1930年,中原大战爆发,主战场就位于河南境内,河南省再次遭受巨大灾难。中原大战后,河南省政府进行了全面改组,由蒋介石的嫡系刘峙主持河南省政务,河南省进入政治上的相对稳定期,南京国民政府制定的各种土地政策在河南省也逐步得到执行。1932年,河南省民政厅制定了全省土地整理计划及各种章则,1933年开始择县试办。地籍整理包括三个大的步骤：1、土地测量；2、土地登记；3、规定地价,征收土地税。由于经费不足、人才匮乏、民众不配合,土地测量工作进行的非常缓慢,这直接影响到土地登记工作的展开,规定地价,征收土地税工作更是在抗战全面爆发前几乎没有进行。开封县、郑县、汜水县三县的地籍整理工作,都存在相同的问题：工作进展缓慢,花费时间特别长；所需经费巨大；成效不明显。究其原因,除了自然灾害的影响外,整理计划的不周密及行政人员的不作为,也是很重要的因素。为了快速增加财政收入,中央政府于1934年命令各个省进行土地陈报。河南省也执行了这一命令,在全省范围内,分期举办土地陈报。第一期试办的陕县,工作成绩突出,受到财政部的嘉奖,但随后进行的两期土地陈报,却无优良成绩可言。土地陈报时,虽然不收取相关费用,但民众还是不愿意进行陈报,土地陈报对他们而言,是百害而无一利的。河南省进行的地籍整理和土地陈报这两项工作,主要的目的还是在于田赋的增加,以充实地方财政。对民众特别是农民来说,这两项工作只会增加他们的负担,他们观望、痛恨甚至直接破坏这两项工作。土地整理的结果就可想而知了。
[Abstract]:In 1914, the Beijing government set up the National Bureau of Economic and Social Affairs, which planned to reorganize the land of the whole country. Because of the continuous fighting, it was soon withdrawn. Its plan became a dead letter. After Yuan Shikai's death, he was located in Henan Province in the Central Plains. The war between the Central Plains and the Central Plains broke out in 1930, and the main battlefield was located in Henan Province. After the Central Plains War, Henan Province again suffered a great disaster. The government of Henan Province was reorganized in an all-round way, and the government of Henan Province was presided over by Liu Zhi, a direct member of Jiang Jieshi. Henan Province entered into a period of relative political stability, and various land policies formulated by the Nanjing National Government were gradually carried out in Henan Province. The Department of Civil Affairs of Henan Province formulated a plan and various regulations for land consolidation throughout the province, and began to select counties for trial operation in 1933. Cadastral consolidation consists of three major steps: 1: 1, 2 of land survey, 3 of land registration, 3 of which stipulate land prices and levy land taxes. Due to lack of funds, talent is scarce. If the people do not cooperate, the land survey work is proceeding very slowly, which has a direct impact on the development of the land registration work. The work of stipulating land prices and levying land taxes was hardly carried out before the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan. Kaifeng County, Zheng County, The cadastral work in the three counties of Sishui County has the same problems: the work is slow and takes a very long time; the funds required are enormous; and the results are not obvious. The reason is that besides the impact of natural disasters, Inadequate planning and inaction by administrative personnel are also very important factors. In order to increase fiscal revenue rapidly, the central government ordered provinces to file land reports in 1934. Henan Province also carried out this order, which was carried out throughout the province. The county in which the first phase of the trial was conducted had outstanding achievements and received commendation from the Ministry of Finance. However, the two subsequent instalments of the land report had no good results to speak of. There was no charge for the time of the land report, although it did not charge a related fee. However, the public is still unwilling to make a report, and the land report is harmful to them. The two tasks of cadastral arrangement and land registration in Henan Province are mainly aimed at increasing land taxes. To replenish local finance, these two tasks will only increase the burden on the people, especially the peasants. They will wait and see, hate or even destroy the two jobs directly. The results of land consolidation can be imagined.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K263

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