清末民初拉萨动乱初析

发布时间：2018-03-23 22:29

本文选题：民国政府　切入点：拉萨动乱　出处：《中央民族大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1911年8、9月间,反抗清朝政府“铁路国有政策”的四川保路运动大规模爆发,并逐渐发展成武装暴动,沉重地打击了清政府的统治,直接促成了武昌起义,至10月,旨在推翻封建王朝的资产阶级民主革命——辛亥革命在全国范围内爆发。新旧政权交替期间的混乱局势对地处中国西南边疆的西藏产生了巨大的影响。驻藏陆军因内地形势不明朗而发生内部争斗进而扰及西藏地方军民,英帝国主义也乘机唆使十三世达赖喇嘛反抗中央政府、驱逐驻藏陆军,导致驻藏陆军与藏军在拉萨展开激烈的斗争,引起藏局动荡；国体的变更促使一心维护西藏地方势力的达赖喇嘛对新的民国政府不予承认,更不顾民国政府的态度执意将驻藏陆军彻底驱逐,使得很长一段历史时期内,中央政府与西藏地方的关系处于非正常状态。这场动乱最先在拉萨爆发,且此后该地一直为主要战场,故而这场以拉萨为主要战场的整个西藏地方的动乱局势,在学界被统称为“拉萨动乱”。西藏地方作为重要的边疆民族地区,在民族、宗教信仰、统治权力、交通信息、国际地位的敏感性等等问题上具有特殊性,故该动乱虽是在辛亥革命的大背景下发生的,但其性质并不同于内地各省响应革命的行为,它难以归于革命范畴内,更不属于辛亥革命起义的一部分。根据动乱参与者及性质的不同,本文以抢劫色拉寺事件为界,将这场动乱分成两个阶段：第一阶段,动乱参与者限于驻藏陆军内部,性质上属于驻藏陆军内部变乱。变乱先是造成驻军内部的一系列混乱和斗争,抢劫色拉寺之后则乱及藏族僧俗军民,为此后两方混战拉开了帷幕。第二阶段,实际作战双方为驻藏陆军和藏族军民,性质已完全不同于前一阶段。开战之初,尚无外力介入时,其性质当属于我国边疆民族地区内部战乱,确切说,是驻藏陆军的不当行为招致藏族军民的反抗,是一种压迫与反压迫的抗争；但随着十三世达赖在英帝国主义的挑唆和帮助下,将战局进一步扩大,力图将驻藏陆军驱逐出藏时,它不再是一种正当的抗争,而是一种反抗中央政府的动乱行为。根据动乱阶段的划分,本文在撰写上主要分成两部分。第一部分即驻藏陆军内部变乱,本部分涉及内乱发生起因、具体过程和情况、性质及相关问题探讨等内容。第二部分为中央驻藏陆军与藏军之开战,在这一部分本文将首先介绍拉萨以外其余驻地的冲突情况,然后再具体描述拉萨战事,涉及战事起因、具体过程、“驱汉”事件辨析、驻藏陆军被尽数驱逐之缘由及十三世达赖执意驱逐驻藏陆军的原因。
[Abstract]:In August and September of 1911, the Sichuan Protective Road Movement, which rebelled against the Qing government's "railway state-owned policy", broke out on a large scale and gradually developed into an armed insurrection, which dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the Qing government and directly contributed to the Wuchang uprising until October. The bourgeois democratic revolution aimed at overthrowing the feudal dynasty-the revolution of 1911 broke out throughout the country. The chaos of the old and new regimes had a great impact on Tibet, which is located on the southwestern border of China. The situation in the mainland is not clear and internal strife has taken place, thus disturbing the local army and people in Tibet. The British imperialists also took the opportunity to instigate the 13th Dalai Lama to resist the central government and expel the army stationed in Tibet, which led to the fierce struggle between the army stationed in Tibet and the Tibetan army in Lhasa and caused unrest in the Tibetan Bureau. The changes in the national system prompted the Dalai Lama, who was bent on safeguarding the local forces in Tibet, not to recognize the new Republic of China government, and even more regardless of the attitude of the Republic of China government, to completely expel the army stationed in Tibet, making it possible for a very long period of time in history. Relations between the central government and Tibet are in an abnormal state. The unrest first broke out in Lhasa, and since then it has been the main battlefield. So the unrest in Tibet, where Lhasa is the main battleground, Tibet, as an important borderland ethnic region, has particularity in issues such as nationality, religious belief, ruling power, traffic information, sensitivity to international status, and so on. Therefore, although the turmoil occurred in the background of the Revolution of 1911, its nature is different from the behavior of the inland provinces in response to the revolution, and it is difficult to fall within the scope of the revolution, let alone part of the uprising of the Revolution of 1911. According to the difference between the participants and the nature of the unrest, this paper divides the unrest into two stages: the first stage, the participants in the unrest are confined to the army in Tibet. In nature, it belongs to the internal disorder of the army stationed in Tibet, which first caused a series of chaos and struggle within the garrison, and after robbing the Salah Temple, the chaos and the Tibetan monks and the vulgar soldiers and civilians began the second stage of the melee between the two sides. In actual combat, the two sides are the army stationed in Tibet and the Tibetan army and people, and their nature is completely different from the previous stage. At the beginning of the war, when there was no external force to intervene, the nature of the war should belong to the internal war in the ethnic minority areas in the border areas of our country. To be exact, It was the improper conduct of the army stationed in Tibet that led to resistance from the Tibetan army and the people. It was a struggle against oppression and anti-oppression. However, with the instigation and assistance of British imperialism, the 13th Dalai Lama further expanded the war situation and tried to expel the army from Tibet. It is no longer a legitimate protest, but a revolt against the central government. According to the division of the turbulent period, this article is mainly divided into two parts. The first part is the internal disorder of the Army stationed in Tibet. This part deals with the cause, the specific process and the situation of the civil unrest. The second part is the war between the Central Army stationed in Tibet and the Tibetan Army. In this part, this article will first introduce the conflict situation in other sites outside Lhasa, and then specifically describe the Lhasa war, which involves the causes of the war. In the concrete process, the incident of "expelling Han", the reason why the army in Tibet was expelled as many as possible and the reason why the 13th Dalai insisted on expelling the army in Tibet.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K258

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