论晋西北抗日根据地公粮政策的演变

发布时间：2018-03-24 01:31

本文选题：公粮　切入点：背景　出处：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：抗日战争爆发后,八路军迅速东渡黄河,帮助国民党军队抵抗日军进入山西。1937年9月11日,日军占领太原后,山西的抗战局面转变为以八路军为主的游击战。游击战的根本是建立根据地,而根据地能够长期存在和稳定发展的根本是经济的供给能力。根据地建立之初,财政问题主要靠捐献来解决,随着战争形势的变化和抗战政权的成熟,逐步建立和发展了公粮制度,为根据地的稳定发展提供了保障,为抗战部队的供给作出了巨大贡献。本文旨在通过分析晋西北根据地1937—1945年的公粮条例演变的背景、展现每次颁布的新条例,研究其实施的效果,即公粮征收的质和量,总结每阶段征粮的经验与教训,从而分析中共如何对农村资源进行有效控制,窥测国家权力如何延伸至乡村社会。全文共分五部分,并按照时间顺序来安排文章结构,具体内容见下：引言部分,阐述了抗战期间公粮政策演变研究的目的和意义,介绍了公粮工作的国内外研究动态以及本文的研究内容和研究方法。第一章介绍了1937—1939年晋西北根据地的公粮实行背景,施行的效果,研究了其在实施过程中的经验与教训。这一阶段的公粮征收办法,虽然没有形成成文制度,但是为抗日民主政权制定实施新的公粮政策提供了参考,具有试验意义。第二章主要介绍了真正意义上的公粮条例的产生和初步发展的过程,即1940—1942年的公粮条例。这一时期既是公粮条例颁布的起步阶段,又是根据地的困难时期,公粮的征收工作在艰难中进步,尽管仍存在不小的问题,但是相比之前的财政主要依靠捐赠相比,已取得了大的成绩。本章遵从第一章的行文结构,介绍了这一时期公粮条例颁布的背景,考察了公粮的实施效果,研究了其存在的经验教训。第三章考察剖析了1943—1945年的公粮条例及其实践效果。这一时期是战争形式迅速变化的时期,抗战由持久战向反攻,根据地形势变化很大,急需大量扩军进入反攻,而军队的扩建需要以经济为保障,这就更加凸显了公粮工作的重要性。本章将公粮工作与抗战形式相结合,考察研究了1943—1945年公粮工作的得失。结论部分,总结了本文的研究结果,得出晋西北的公粮负担和其他根据地相比是比较重的,晋西北的地主富农负担比例很大。尽管如此,公粮条例削弱封建经济的目标基本上没有实现。8年间公粮工作尽管取得了很大进步,但仍然没有实现合理负担,仍然没有完全纠正左的思想。文章采用历史学传统的史料分析法,适当借鉴经济学的统计、图表、计量等研究方法,力求更加直观地展现公粮条例演变的效果,更加客观地分析公粮条例演变的得失。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the eighth Route Army quickly crossed the Yellow River to the east to help the Kuomintang troops resist the Japanese troops entering Shanxi. On September 11, 1937, after the Japanese army occupied Taiyuan, The situation of the Anti-Japanese War in Shanxi has changed into guerrilla warfare dominated by the eighth Route Army. The foundation of guerrilla warfare is the establishment of base areas, and the basis for their long-term existence and stable development is the supply capacity of the economy. With the changes in the war situation and the maturity of the anti-Japanese regime, the public grain system was gradually established and developed, providing a guarantee for the stable development of the base areas. This paper aims at analyzing the background of the evolution of the public grain regulations in the northwest Shanxi base area from 1937-1945, showing the new regulations promulgated each time, and studying the effect of their implementation, that is, the quality and quantity of the public grain collection. This paper summarizes the experiences and lessons of grain collection in each stage, and then analyzes how the Communist Party of China can effectively control rural resources and see how state power extends to rural society. The paper is divided into five parts, and the structure of the article is arranged in chronological order. In the preface, the purpose and significance of the study on the evolution of public grain policy during the War of Resistance against Japan are expounded, and the domestic and foreign research trends of the public grain work are introduced as well as the research contents and research methods of this paper. The first chapter introduces the background and effect of public grain implementation in northwest Shanxi base area from 1937 to 1939, and studies its experiences and lessons in the process of implementation. But for anti-Japanese democratic regime to formulate and implement a new public grain policy, with experimental significance. The second chapter mainly introduces the process of the emergence and initial development of the public grain regulations in the real sense, that is, the public grain regulations of 1940-1942. This period is not only the initial stage of the promulgation of the public grain regulations, but also the difficult period in the base areas. The collection of public grain has progressed in a difficult way. Although there are still many problems, great achievements have been achieved compared with the previous financial contributions. This chapter follows the structure of Chapter I. This paper introduces the background of the promulgation of public grain regulations in this period, investigates the effect of public grain implementation, and studies the experience and lessons of its existence. The third chapter examines and analyzes the regulations on public grain from 1943-1945 and their practical effects. This period was a period of rapid changes in the form of war. The War of Resistance against Japan changed from a protracted war to a counter-offensive. The situation in the base areas changed greatly and a large number of troops urgently needed to expand into the counter-offensive. The expansion of the army needs to be supported by the economy, which highlights the importance of the public grain work. This chapter combines the public grain work with the form of the War of Resistance against Japan, and investigates the gains and losses of the public grain work from 1943-1945. The conclusion is that the burden of public grain in northwest Shanxi is heavier than that in other base areas, and the burden of landlords and rich peasants in northwest Shanxi is very large. The goal of weakening the feudal economy by public grain regulations basically failed to achieve the goal of making great progress in public grain work during the period of .8 years, but it still failed to realize a reasonable burden and still did not completely correct the left thinking. This paper adopts the traditional historical data analysis method of history to draw lessons from the research methods of economics such as statistics, charts and econometrics, in order to show the effect of the evolution of public grain regulations more intuitively, and to analyze objectively the gains and losses of the evolution of public grain regulations.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

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