湖南《大公报》与民初地方自治（1915—1926）

发布时间：2018-03-24 14:22

本文选题：湖南《大公报》　切入点：地方自治思想　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：民国初年,中国政局混乱,战争频繁,尤其是洪宪帝制失败后,中国即进入军阀政治时代,中央与地方的关系变得无法协调,地方分权主义大行其道。为巩固统治,北京政府主张继续推行地方自治制度,颁布了大量自治法令,并将省制写入了《中华民国宪法》。与此同时,地方各省倡言省自治,提出将地方自治与联邦主义相结合,最终导致近代中国兴起了以湖南为首、范围遍及全国的联省自治运动。省自治是清末以来地方自治发展的最高峰,明确要求中央与地方的权力划分,是彻底的全面的地方自治,对于打破军阀政治及培养民众的政治参与意识具有重要意义。作为近代湖南历时最长、影响极大的日报,湖南《大公报》自创刊之日到北伐战争以前,坚持“据事直书、有闻必录”的办报宗旨,始终十分关注民初地方自治的发展情况。其一,《大公报》通过特设专栏等多种形式阐述宣扬地方自治思想的内涵与意义,倡导民治,反对官治,为毛泽东等民治代表提供了公共话语表达平台,有效地发挥了其舆论宣扬作用。其二,该报运用大量篇幅对地方自治实践的发展情况进行报道,能够及时刊登相关自治法令,其中对湖南自治运动的报道最为详尽,记述了湖南自治运动的发展历程,为湖南制定省宪建言献策,并勇于揭批自治实践中的问题和不足,极大地彰显了其监督引导作用。其三,以龙兼公为首的《大公报》报人,更是亲身参与其中,为自治运动的开展奔走呐喊,在一定程度上推动了湖南自治运动的兴起与发展。本文通过整理归纳湖南《大公报》关于民初地方自治的新闻报道,探讨分析湖南《大公报》与民初地方自治之间的关系,以期从中考察近代媒体对社会思潮发展所产生的作用。通过分析研究可知,湖南《大公报》对民初地方自治的宣传具有客观性、时代性、地方性、理论性等特点,集中体现了《大公报》报人的爱国主义情感,对当代社会改革具有极其重要的现实意义。对民初地方自治进行研究,不仅有利于我们了解毛泽东等人的地方自治思想,而且有助于我们协调中央与地方之间的关系,为我国基层民主建设提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the early years of the Republic of China, when China's political situation was chaotic and war was frequent, especially after the defeat of Hong Xian's system, China entered the era of warlordism, the relationship between the central and local authorities became uncoordinated, and decentralization prevailed. The Beijing government advocated the continuation of the local autonomy system, promulgated a large number of laws and decrees on autonomy, and wrote the provincial system into the Constitution of the Republic of China. At the same time, the local provinces advocated provincial autonomy and proposed to combine local autonomy with federalism. This led to the rise of the United provincial autonomy movement in modern China, headed by Hunan, which spread all over the country. The provincial autonomy was the highest peak of the development of local autonomy since the end of the Qing Dynasty. The division of power between the central and the local authorities was clearly required, and it was a thorough and comprehensive local autonomy. It is of great significance to break the warlord politics and cultivate the people's consciousness of political participation. As the longest and most influential daily newspaper in modern Hunan, the Hunan "Ta Kung Pao" insisted on "according to facts" from its founding date to before the Northern Expedition War. The tenet of running a newspaper with Wen Bilu has always been very concerned about the development of local autonomy in the early part of the Republic of China. First, the "Ta Kung Pao" has expounded through special columns and other forms the connotation and significance of propagating the idea of local autonomy, advocating the rule by the people, and opposing the rule of government by officials. It has provided a platform for the expression of public discourse for Mao Zedong and other representatives of the people's rule of law, and effectively played its role in publicizing public opinion. Secondly, the newspaper has devoted a great deal of space to reporting on the development of the practice of local autonomy and has been able to publish relevant autonomy laws and decrees in a timely manner. Among them, the report of Hunan Autonomous Movement is the most detailed, which describes the development of Hunan Autonomous Movement, provides suggestions for Hunan to formulate the provincial constitution, and bravely exposes and criticizes the problems and deficiencies in the practice of autonomy. It has greatly demonstrated its role of supervision and guidance. Third, the "Ta Kung Pao" newsmen, led by the Dragon and the Duke, participated in it in person and campaigned for the development of the autonomous movement. To some extent, it has promoted the emergence and development of Hunan Autonomous Movement. This paper analyzes the relationship between Hunan Ta Kung Pao and the early Republic of China by arranging and summarizing the news reports of Hunan Ta Kung Pao on local autonomy in the early Republic of China. Through the analysis and study, we can see that the propaganda of local autonomy in Hunan Province has the characteristics of objectivity, epochal, local, theoretical, and so on. It is of great practical significance to reform the contemporary society. The study of local autonomy in the early days of the Republic of China is not only beneficial to us to understand the local autonomy thought of Mao Zedong and others, And help us to coordinate the relationship between the central and local, for our country's grass-roots democratic construction to provide reference.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K258

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