抗战时期军事工业内迁云南的社会研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 11:48

本文选题：抗战时期　切入点：军事工业　出处：《昆明理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国近代军事工业始于19世纪60年代。云南地处边疆,位于外国入侵的西南大门,近代军事工业比内地落后,19世纪末,20世纪初才开始产生,发展更为缓慢。然而,云南的近代军工在半个世纪中,从无到有,逐渐发展,技术水平不断提高。特别是在抗战时期,云南的军事工业科学技术取得了显著的进步,对云南的政治、经济、军事、科技等方面也有重要的影响。伴随着晚清时期清王朝政府进行的三次改革和两个阶段,在晚清时期云南军事工业开始兴起,民国初云南地方军阀割据势力控制云南军事工业,到民国时期地方政府主持云南军事工业生产。1937年7月7日,日本侵略者蓄意制造了卢沟桥事变,发动了侵华战争,中国人民同仇敌忾,国共合作,团结一致,展开了全面抗战。兵工生产进入了战争时期。兵工厂西迁,建立后方兵工基地。随着1937年沿海及内地企业的抗战内迁,作为国民党中央政府的军事工业部分,也开始向西南迁移,国民政府军政部兵工署遂决定将由南京迁到重庆的军用光学器材工厂迁往昆明,并在昆明新建了四个兵工厂。军工企业不仅为云南带来了较先进的工业设施和科学技术,还为本地培养了大批技术工人和专业技术、管理人才,为促进云南地区经济的发展和社会进步发挥了积极的作用。中国的军用光学工业起源于20世纪30年代初期,兵工署第五十三兵工厂在战争中求生存求发展,军用品制造引进西欧技术。1939年4月29日,二十二厂在昆明柳坝制造成功中国第一架6×30双筒军用望远镜,开始了军用光学仪器的生产历史。在抗日战争的烽火中,制造出80公分倒影测远镜、美特克式迫击炮瞄准镜、勃朗特式迫击炮瞄准镜、五角测远镜、象限仪、指南针等产品,为中华民族的抗日战争做出了贡献。总结抗战时期云南军事工业发展的经验,最根本的一条就是抓住机遇。抗战时期,国民政府大力开发西南,云南地方当局抓住了这个历史契机,这是云南军事工业发展的重要经验。云南在历史上已有过抓住机遇,发展自己的成功经验。目前云南的发展又面临着千载难逢的机遇,只要我们紧紧抓住机遇,我们相信在新世纪,云南是能够再创造新的辉煌的。
[Abstract]:China's modern military industry began in the 1860s. Yunnan is located on the frontier and in the southwest gate of foreign invaders. The modern military industry began to come into being in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, and its development was slower than that in the interior. In the past half century, Yunnan's modern military industry has developed from scratch, gradually developed, and its technological level has been continuously improved. Especially during the War of Resistance against Japan, Yunnan's military industrial science and technology have made remarkable progress, which has contributed to Yunnan's political, economic and military affairs. Science and technology also have an important impact. Along with the three reforms and two stages of the Qing Dynasty government in the late Qing Dynasty, Yunnan military industry began to rise in the late Qing Dynasty, and the local warlords in the early Republic of China controlled the Yunnan military industry. On July 7, 1937, the Japanese invaders deliberately created the Lugou Bridge incident and launched the war of aggression against China. An all-out war of resistance was launched. The production of soldiers and workers entered a period of war. The arms factories moved westward and established a rear military and industrial base. With the internal migration of enterprises in the coastal and inland areas in 1937, as part of the military industry of the central government of the Kuomintang, They also began to move southwestward, and the military and Industrial Administration of the military and Government Department of the National Government decided to move from Nanjing to the military optical equipment factory in Chongqing to Kunming. Four new arms factories have been built in Kunming. Military enterprises have not only brought more advanced industrial facilities and science and technology to Yunnan, but also trained a large number of skilled workers and specialized technical and managerial personnel for the region. In order to promote economic development and social progress in Yunnan region has played a positive role. China's military optical industry originated in the early 1930s, when the 53 Ordnance Factory of the PLA sought survival and development during the war, and the manufacture of military articles introduced Western European technology. The 22 factory successfully manufactured China's first 6 脳 30 binoculars in Liuba, Kunming, and began the production history of military optical instruments. In the beacon fires of the War of Resistance against Japan, 80 centimeters of reflectors and 80 centimeters of muttke mortar sight were manufactured. Bronte mortar sight, Pentagonal Telescope, Quadrant, Compass and other products contributed to the Chinese War of Resistance against Japan. To sum up the experience of Yunnan's military industry development during the War of Resistance against Japan, one of the most fundamental things is to seize the opportunity. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the National Government vigorously developed southwest China, and the local authorities in Yunnan seized this historical opportunity. This is an important experience in the development of Yunnan's military industry. Yunnan has already seized the opportunity and developed its own successful experience in history. At present, Yunnan's development is faced with an opportunity once in a lifetime, so long as we firmly grasp the opportunity. We believe that in the new century, Yunnan is able to create new brilliance.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

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