晚清海外修学旅游政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 22:38

本文选题：晚清　切入点：修学旅游　出处：《江西师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：鸦片战争以后,清政府开始逐步认识到中西方之间的巨大差距,学习西方先进科学技术以抵抗外侮成为当务之急。在这样的特殊背景之下,晚清海外修学旅游政策经历了萌芽、产生、发展、高潮、稳定等五个历史阶段。不同阶段的政策与各自所处的时代环境结合起来,显示出鲜明的阶段特征。在这一政策的指引下,大批中国留学生前往欧美日等发达国家进行海外修学旅游,以游促学,学游并举。晚清海外修学旅游政策包括人员选派、目的地国家、管理与奖励三大方面的内容。人员选派涉及了选派机构、经费、资格条件;目的地国家涉及到欧洲诸国、美国和日本,以及选择上述国家的原因;管理政策包括管理机构与管理措施;奖励政策指的是清政府为鼓励留学生出国以官职和出身作为奖励的一系列办法。在晚清海外修学旅游的萌芽、产生、发展阶段,此政策经历了从无到有的发展历程,具有重大的历史意义,同时又暴露出不规范性、不稳定性与政策力度偏小的缺陷。甲午中日战争以后至1905年学部成立之前,清政府加速了海外修学旅游政策的制定和颁布,政策力度逐步加大,体系完整,但仍然缺少统一规划,没有专职机构进行专门管理。随着科举制度的废除与学部的成立,学部与外务部成为管理海外修学旅游的主要机构,表现出稳定性、规范性和成熟性的特点。 “中体西用”思想一直是晚清海外修学旅游政策最显著的特点和指导原则。从留学生资格的限制到目的地国家的选择,从留学生管理机构的设置到管理措施,“中体西用”思想都贯彻海外修学旅游政策的始终。尽管晚清海外修学旅游政策在指导思想上暴露出封建式的局限性,但是它仍然在中国近代历史上产生了重要的影响。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, the Qing government began to gradually realize the huge gap between China and the West, and learning advanced western science and technology to resist foreign aggression became a top priority. Under such a special background, the overseas study and tourism policy of the late Qing Dynasty experienced its infancy. Emergence, development, climax and stability are five historical stages. The policies of different stages are combined with the environment of their respective times, showing distinct phase characteristics. Under the guidance of this policy, A large number of Chinese students travel to developed countries, such as Europe, America and Japan. The overseas student tourism policy in the late Qing Dynasty included three major aspects: personnel selection, destination country, management and reward. Personnel selection involved the selection organization, funds, and qualifications; the destination country involved European countries, the United States and Japan. As well as the reasons for choosing the above-mentioned countries; the management policies include management institutions and management measures; the reward policy refers to a series of measures used by the Qing government to encourage foreign students to go abroad to receive official posts and birth as rewards. This policy has experienced a process of development from scratch to existence, which is of great historical significance, and at the same time, it has exposed its irregularity. From the Sino-Japanese War to 1905 before the establishment of the Ministry of Studies, the Qing government accelerated the formulation and promulgation of the overseas study tourism policy, and the policy was gradually strengthened and the system was complete. With the abolition of the imperial examination system and the establishment of the Ministry of Studies, the Ministry of Education and the Foreign Department became the main institutions for managing overseas study tourism, showing stability. The characteristic of normality and maturity. The thought of "the use of the Chinese body and the West" has always been the most prominent feature and guiding principle of the overseas study tourism policy in the late Qing Dynasty, from the limitation of the qualification of foreign students to the choice of the destination country. From the setting up of the overseas student management organization to the management measures, the thought of "using the Chinese as the west" carried out the overseas study tourism policy from beginning to end, although the overseas study tourism policy in the late Qing Dynasty exposed the feudal limitation in the guiding ideology. But it still produced important influence in Chinese modern history.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F592.9;K252

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