新中国初期托儿组织研究（1949-1959）

发布时间：2018-03-28 12:44

本文选题：新中国初期　切入点：托儿组织　出处：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对幼儿的保育和教育自古以来就受到国家与社会的广泛关注,但是近代化的托儿组织是20世纪初在西方的影响下开始创办和出现的。新中国成立初期党和政府对妇女解放和儿童的健康成长给予了一定的重视,同时在百废待兴的局面下,党和政府大力倡导妇女积极参与社会生产劳动,而孩子的拖累成为了妇女参加生产劳动的阻力,托儿组织在这样的情况下得到了建立和发展,并取得了一定的成效。托儿组织根据生产实践的需要,在国家政策的引导下得到建立和发展,在其发展的过程中妇女思想观念的转变以及参与积极性的提高促进了它的顺利发展。由于城市和农村条件的差异,托儿组织在发展过程中形成了不同的组织形式。在城市地区,主要是以工矿企业托儿所和街道托儿所为主要的组织形式。在广大农村地区,主要形成了农忙托儿所和农忙托儿互助小组等组织形式。这些托儿组织的发展,不仅保障了幼儿的身体健康,还培养了幼儿良好的生活习惯,极大地促进了我国当时幼儿保育和教育工作的发展。此外,托儿组织的发展,在一定程度上也解放了妇女劳动力,改善了她们的社会地位,促进了建国初期妇女解放事业的进步。托儿组织虽然对妇女解放和儿童保育事业的发展产生了积极的影响,但在其发展的过程中,由于物质资料短缺,保育人员的质量与数量得不到保障,以及管理不善等原因,也给这个组织的健康发展带来了很大的不利。本文将新中国初期托儿组织作为研究对象,运用所掌握的史料,探讨分析了这一组织的发展脉络、不同地区的组织形式和特点、以及对幼儿保育和妇女解放事业的影响,旨在为当前我国这两项事业的健康发展提供些许的经验和借鉴。
[Abstract]:The care and education of young children have received extensive attention from the state and society since ancient times. However, the modern childcare organizations began to be established and emerged in the early 20th century under the influence of the West. In the early days of the founding of New China, the party and government paid some attention to the emancipation of women and the healthy growth of children. The Party and the government strongly advocated the active participation of women in productive labour in society, and the drag on children became an obstacle for women to participate in productive labour. Child care organizations were established and developed under such circumstances. In accordance with the needs of production practice, child care organizations have been established and developed under the guidance of national policies. As a result of the differences between urban and rural conditions, childcare organizations have formed different forms of organization in the course of their development. Mainly in the form of industrial and mining enterprise nurseries and street nurseries. In the vast rural areas, the main forms of organization have been formed, such as busy nurseries and mutual aid groups for children in rural areas. The development of these childcare organizations, It not only safeguarded the health of young children, but also cultivated their good living habits, which greatly promoted the development of early childhood care and education in China at that time. In addition, the development of childcare organizations also liberated the female labor force to a certain extent. It has improved their social status and contributed to the advancement of the cause of women's liberation in the early years of the founding of the people's Republic. Although childcare organizations have had a positive impact on the development of the cause of women's liberation and child care, in the course of their development, due to a shortage of material information, The quality and quantity of conservationists are not guaranteed, and some other reasons, such as poor management, also bring great disadvantages to the healthy development of this organization. This paper discusses and analyzes the development context of this organization, the organizational forms and characteristics of different regions, and its influence on the cause of early childhood care and women's liberation, in order to provide some experience and reference for the healthy development of these two undertakings in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27

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