两蒋时期台湾当局的南中国海政策研究（1949-1988）

发布时间：2018-03-29 14:06

本文选题：南中国海　切入点：两蒋时期　出处：《河南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：海疆问题在20世纪70年代随着石油等生物资源的紧张和现代科技的发展对海洋资源的发现而日益凸显。中国对南中国海拥有绝对的主权主张，然而由于南中国海海域划界的复杂性及历史遗留问题，使得这片海域的国际形势极为剑拔弩张。目前，东南亚各南海争端当事国在南中国海海域提出各自的权益要求，美国、日本、印度等域外大国因为经济利益、国家对外政策及战略需求等原因也对南海问题纷纷表示关注；涉及岛、礁主权争端的有关方主要集中于包括台湾在内的“五国六方”。国内学者关于南中国海的政策研究很多，但是关于台湾当局的南中国海政策研究甚少。本文以政策为切入点，系统的分析了两蒋时期台湾当局的南中国海政策，并将中华民国时期(1912——1949)的中国政府的南中国海政策和两蒋时期（1949——1988）台湾当局的南中国海政策作一比较，全面的分析两蒋时期台湾当局在南中国海的行为。南中国海各争端方的主要矛盾在于领土权和海洋控制权问题，由于油气等资源的发现和开发使得矛盾激化，而主要岛屿中只有南沙群岛富含石油资源，所以南海争端主要就是南沙群岛的主权归属及南海海域划界问题。中华民国时期，中国政府曾和日本在东沙岛进行了长期的斗争，还对南中国海诸岛进行定名、管理和开发建设。退守台湾后，，蒋氏父子在台执政期间始终坚持南中国海“主权”属于“中华民国”。台湾当局一直派军队驻守在南沙群岛的最大岛屿——太平岛上，两蒋时期台湾当局在“一个中国”的原则前提下，对南海海域及相关岛屿实施“主权”权益。台湾当局解除戒严政策后，先后通过了“领海及领接区法”和“专属经济海域与大陆礁层法”及一些海洋政策纲领。同时，在行动上却弱化了对南沙群岛的控制，由于台湾岛内台独势力的存在，台湾当局的南中国海政策具有很大的不稳定因素。台海两岸在南海开发实践中相互协调性不足，应该将南海开发上升到理论高度，从政策层面加强对台海两岸在南中国海的开发合作，有效捍卫国家主权，最大程度地维护国家权益。本研究课题以维护中华民族南海权益为目的，对台湾当局在两蒋时期的南中国海政策进行系统全面的研究，希望能为台湾南中国海政策的整体研究做一个很好的铺垫，同时为中国拥有南中国海主权的进一步论证增添新的资料，以期为和平解决南中国海争端的研究添砖加瓦，为台海两岸合作共同解决南中国海争端贡献出一份力量。
[Abstract]:The maritime problem became increasingly prominent in the 1970s with the tension of oil and other biological resources and the discovery of marine resources by the development of modern science and technology. China has an absolute claim to sovereignty over the South China Sea. However, due to the complexity of the delimitation of the South China Sea area and the problems left over by history, the international situation in this area is extremely tense. At present, the South Asian countries parties to the South China Sea dispute have made their own claims for their rights and interests in the South China Sea, the United States. Japan, India and other foreign powers have also expressed concern over the South China Sea issue because of their economic interests, national foreign policy and strategic needs. The parties involved in the sovereignty dispute over islands and reefs are mainly concentrated on the "five countries and six parties", including Taiwan. There are a lot of studies on the policy of the South China Sea by domestic scholars, but very few on the policy of the Taiwan authorities. This paper systematically analyzes the South China Sea policy of the Taiwan authorities during the two Chiang dynasties by taking the policy as the starting point. The South China Sea policy of the Chinese government during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949) was compared with that of the Taiwan authorities during the two Chiang dynasties (1949-1988), and the behavior of the Taiwan authorities in the South China Sea during the period of the two Chiang dynasties was comprehensively analyzed. The main contradiction among the parties to the dispute in the South China Sea lies in the question of territorial rights and control over the sea. Because of the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas and other resources, the contradiction is intensified, while only the Nansha Islands are rich in oil resources among the major islands. Therefore, the South China Sea dispute is mainly the sovereignty of the Nansha Islands and the delimitation of the South China Sea. During the period of the Republic of China, the Chinese government waged a long struggle with Japan on Dongsha Island, and also named, managed and developed the islands in the South China Sea. During their reign in Taiwan, Chiang and his son insisted that the "sovereignty" of the South China Sea belonged to the Republic of China. The Taiwan authorities have always stationed their troops on the Taiping Island, the largest island in the Nansha Islands. Under the premise of the "one China" principle, during the two Chiang Kai-shek periods, After lifting the martial law policy, the Taiwan authorities successively passed the Law on the Territorial Sea and the Territorial areas, the Law on exclusive Economic Sea and the mainland Reef layer, and some marine policy programs. In action, however, the control over the Nansha Islands has been weakened. Due to the existence of Taiwan independence forces on the island, the policy of the Taiwan authorities in the South China Sea has great destabilizing factors. There is insufficient coordination between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait in the development practice of the South China Sea, so we should raise the development of the South China Sea to a theoretical level, strengthen development cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait in the South China Sea at the policy level, and effectively safeguard national sovereignty. The purpose of this study is to safeguard the rights and interests of the Chinese nation in the South China Sea, and to conduct a systematic and comprehensive study of the policies of the Taiwan authorities in the South China Sea during the two Chiang Kai-shek periods. It is hoped that it can pave the way for the overall study of Taiwan's South China Sea policy, and at the same time add new materials to the further argument that China has sovereignty over the South China Sea, with a view to contributing to the study of the peaceful settlement of disputes in the South China Sea. To contribute to the joint efforts of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to resolve disputes in the South China Sea.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D675.8;K27

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