晚清学堂洋教习探析

发布时间：2018-03-29 17:15

本文选题：洋教习　切入点：新式学堂　出处：《河北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 晚清,洋务教育面临师资匮乏的困境,学堂不得不通过聘请洋教习的方式充实教师队伍。随着新式教育的发展,学堂对洋教习的需求日益增多。洋教习不断通过外国驻华工作人员、清政府驻外官员等推荐来华。为加强对外籍教习的管理,防止出现纠纷,学堂通常会与洋教习签订合同明定权限。洋教习多分布在沿海及学务较发达省份的高等以上学堂,主要承担西学科目教学。早期洋教习多传教士出身,其中有些还担任学堂总教习一职。戊戌以后具有高学历的洋教习较多。由于所聘教习数量有限,他们往往一人教授多科。洋教习来华曾引起轩然大波,国人对洋教习的态度经历了从抵制到接纳的转变。这一转变过程漫长而艰难,也是近代化教育道路的缩影。在引进洋教习的过程中,京师大学堂、北洋大学堂、山西大学堂三所官立学堂各具特色。京师大学堂早期聘请欧美教习居多,后多聘请日本教习;北洋大学堂美国教习居多,且洋教习学历较高;山西大学堂英国籍教习居多,且外籍教习总数居各省高等学堂前列。洋教习带来的西方先进的教育思想改革中国传统教育的弊端,促进了中国近代教育的发展。但他们的活动也产生了诸如高等教育与初、中等教育脱节、语言隔膜、宗教渗透等问题。尤其是争夺教育管理权引起的纠纷,包括清政府与列强争夺学堂管理权和列强在中国划分教育范围、争夺教育领地的斗争。在与列强的交往中,清政府官员逐渐认识到教育权的重要性。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, the Westernization education was faced with the plight of lack of teachers, so the school had to enrich the teaching staff by employing foreign teaching and learning. With the development of the new-style education, The demand for foreign teaching and learning in the school is increasing day by day. Foreign teaching and learning is constantly recommended to China by foreign staff in China, Qing government officials stationed abroad, etc. In order to strengthen the management of foreign teaching and learning and prevent disputes, The school usually enters into a contract with foreign students to specify the terms of reference. Most of the foreign teaching and learning is distributed in coastal and more developed provinces of higher education institutions, mainly responsible for western subjects teaching. Early foreign teaching and learning many missionaries, Some of them also held the general teaching position. After 1898, there were more foreign students with higher academic qualifications. As a result of the limited number of teaching and learning employed, they tended to teach many subjects in one person. Foreign teaching and learning in China had caused a great uproar. The attitude of Chinese people to foreign learning has undergone a long and difficult process from resistance to acceptance, which is also the epitome of modern education. In the process of introducing foreign teaching and learning, the three government schools of Peking University, Beiyang University and Shanxi University have their own characteristics. In the early days, the Peking University School employed more European and American teaching and learning, then more Japanese students; the Beiyang University School, the United States, was the majority. And higher foreign academic qualifications; Shanxi University, British nationality, and the total number of foreign teaching and learning in the forefront of higher schools in the provinces. The western advanced educational ideology brought about by foreign studies has promoted the development of modern Chinese education by reforming the traditional Chinese education, but their activities have also resulted in such things as the disconnection between higher education and primary and secondary education, and the language gap. Problems such as religious infiltration, especially disputes arising from the struggle for the right of educational administration, including the struggle between the Qing government and the powers for the management of schools and the division of the scope of education and the struggle for educational territory between the great powers in China. Qing government officials gradually realized the importance of the right to education.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256

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