中国台湾主要外贸市场从美国转移到祖国大陆的原因探析（1979-2008年）

发布时间：2018-03-30 14:47

本文选题：两岸贸易　切入点：美台贸易　出处：《武汉大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：近三十年来，台湾海峡两岸的经贸发展迅速扩大并日益深化。1992年，祖国大陆取代美国成为台湾最大的贸易顺差来源地。2002年，大陆取代美国成为台湾最大的出口市场。2003年起，大陆成为台湾最大的贸易伙伴。自此以后，祖国大陆取代美国成为台湾最大的贸易伙伴、最大的出口市场和最大的贸易顺差来源地。在这一过程中，台湾对大陆出口依存度持续升高，而对美国出口依存度则不断降低。台湾主要对外贸易关系发生了重大转移，改变了过去长期且高度依赖美国市场的局面。本论文针对这一现象，主要从1979至2008年间大陆对台政策、美台贸易的演变、台湾内部环境、国际经济环境等四个方面分析台湾外贸的主要市场从美国转移到祖国大陆的原因。论文的主体共有五个部分，包括四个章节和一个结语，主要内容如下：第一章首先回顾了由50、60年代美国对台经济援助所开启的美台之间紧密的贸易关系，分析了“美援”对于美台经贸关系的深刻影响，以及之后美台之间投资、贸易情况。随后探讨了台湾外贸主要市场转移到大陆之后两岸间贸易与投资的现状。第二章主要探讨了改革开放以来祖国大陆对台政治、经贸政策对于台湾外贸主要市场转移所产生的影响。首先，回顾了自改革开放以来中国大陆对台大政方针及台湾当局的因应政策、大陆对台贸易和投资政策的制定和调整。在此背景下，检视了台湾官方经贸政策的转变和台湾外贸关系的变化。大陆对台大政方针是两岸从隔绝走向互动的主导因素，也是两岸经贸往来发生发展的政治前提；大陆对台经贸政策开启并主导着两岸转口贸易和间接投资的发展，是两岸经贸往来的决定因素。在大陆优惠政策的推动下，从70年代末期开始两岸间的转口贸易开始起步，至80年代后期已经初具规模。从80年代后期开始，大陆给予台商一系列的优惠政策引起了台湾对大陆投资的快速增长，台湾当局又有限地放松了台商赴大陆投资。在这种情况下，台湾企业将其海外生产基地逐渐扩展到中国大陆，由此导致对美直接出口的减少和对大陆出口半成品和机械设备的增加，台湾对大陆出口的扩大则伴随着其对美国出口的下降。所以，在台商投资的带动下，，两岸间接贸易规模和数额有了突飞猛进地发展，以致最终大陆于2002年取代美国成为台湾最大的出口市场。第三章主要检视了1979至2008年这30年间，美台贸易关系的演变轨迹。从美国方面的因素探讨了台湾外贸主要市场转移的原因，并得出如下结论：虽然，就整体而言，美台贸易总额和规模在不断扩大，但其双边贸易的密切程度和依赖程度却在不断下降，美台贸易在各自贸易格局中的比重呈现出稳步下降的趋势。台湾外贸已经改变了过去片面倚靠美国市场的局面。第四章主要检视了近三十年来台湾经济发展内外环境的变迁。从经济增长的角度来探讨台湾内部政治、社会和经济转型以及国际经济环境的变化对于台湾外贸市场从美国转移到中国大陆的影响。政治转型和社会运动的频仍导致台湾经济发展受非经济因素的干扰日益严重，经济发展所需要的稳定的社会环境不复存在；经济结构的转型也增加了经济增长的困境；区域经济一体化、集团化的快速发展，发达国家的贸易保护主义压力，发展中国家和地区的取代竞争使得台湾产品在国际市场上面临严峻挑战。两岸经贸的迅速发展适时地成为台湾经济发展新的增长点，并且对其重要性与日俱增。随着两岸日益紧密的经贸合作格局不断扩大和深化，大陆市场最终取代美国市场成为支撑台湾经济增长的重要动力来源。结语部分主要总结了1979至2008年这三十年之间，台湾主要贸易对象从美国转移到祖国大陆的原因，分析了两岸经贸关系的加强对于未来两岸政治统一的影响，并且进一步指出台湾的经济前途在大陆。
[Abstract]:In the past thirty years, the two sides of the Taiwan Straits Economic and trade development rapidly expanding and deepening of.1992 years, mainland China replaced the United States as Taiwan's largest source of trade surplus in.2002, China overtook the us to become Taiwan's largest export market for.2003 years, the mainland has become the largest trading partner of Taiwan. Since then, China replaced the United States as Taiwan the largest trade partner, the largest export market and the largest source of trade surplus. In this process, Taiwan on the mainland export dependence continues to rise, and the degree of dependence on exports to the United States decreased. The occurrence of a major shift in Taiwan foreign trade relations, long-term change in the past and is highly dependent on the American market situation. This thesis focuses on this phenomenon, mainly from 1979 to 2008 years, the Taiwan policy, evolution of the US Taiwan trade, Taiwan internal environment, the international economic environment of the four party The analysis of the main market of Taiwan's foreign trade from the United States to the mainland of China.
The main body of the thesis consists of five parts, including four chapters and a conclusion. The main contents are as follows:
The first chapter reviews the close trade relationship between the 50,60 of America's economic aid opened by the United States and Taiwan, analyzes the profound influence of American aid for economic and trade relations between the United States and Taiwan, as well as between the United States and Taiwan investment and trade. Then it discusses the main field of foreign trade in Taiwan city after the transfer to the mainland trade and investment between the two sides of the situation.
The second chapter mainly discusses the mainland to Taiwan political influence since the reform and opening up, economic and trade policies produced for Taiwan foreign trade major market transfer. First, reviewed since the reform and opening up policy, Chinese of NTU and the Taiwan authorities for policy formulation and adjustment of the mainland's Taiwan Trade and investment policy in this background. Under the view of the transformation of Taiwan official trade policy and trade relations changes. Taiwan, is the dominant factor of cross-strait interaction from isolation to the Taiwan policy, the political premise is the development of cross-strait economic and trade exchanges, economic and trade policy to Taiwan; open and dominate the development of cross-strait trade and direct investment, is a decisive factor for both sides the economic and trade exchanges. In promoting, preferential policies, starting from the end of the 70s cross-strait entrepot trade started, to the late 80s has already begun to take shape. Starting in late 80s, Taiwan, given a series of preferential policies caused the rapid growth of Taiwan investment in mainland China, the Taiwan authorities have limited relaxation of Taiwan investment in the mainland. In this case, Taiwan enterprises will be gradually extended to the overseas production base, China, resulting in the increase of direct exports to the United States and to reduce the mainland export semi-finished products and machinery and equipment, expand Taiwan's exports to China is accompanied by the export decline in the United States. So, in Taiwanese investment driven by the indirect cross-strait trade scale and the amount has been developing rapidly, and eventually, to replace the United States in 2002 to become Taiwan's largest export market.
The third chapter mainly examines the 1979 to 2008 these 30 years, the evolution path of us Taiwan trade relations. To explore the reasons of Taiwan foreign trade major market transfer factors from the United States, and draws the following conclusion: Although, on the whole, the total trade and expanding, but the close degree of bilateral trade and dependence is on the decline, the proportion of us Taiwan Trade in their respective trade pattern showed a steady downward trend. Taiwan foreign trade has changed over the past one-sided rely on US market situation.
The fourth chapter mainly examines the changes of internal and external environment of the economic development of Taiwan in recent thirty years. To explore the internal politics of Taiwan from the perspective of economic growth, social and economic transformation and the international economic environment changes to the transfer of Taiwan from the United States to influence foreign trade market, Chinese. Political transition and social movement led to the economic development of Taiwan is becoming more and more frequent the serious interference of non economic factors, the economic development needs a stable social environment does not exist; the transformation of the economic structure has also increased the economic growth dilemma; regional economic integration, the group of fast development, protectionist pressures in developed countries, developing countries and regions instead of competition makes Taiwan product facing severe challenges in the international market. The rapid development of cross-strait economic and trade to become a new growth point of economic development in Taiwan, and its importance and As the increasingly close economic and trade cooperation pattern on both sides of the Taiwan Strait expands and deepens, the mainland market will eventually replace the US market and become an important source of power to support Taiwan's economic growth.
The conclusion part summarizes the 1979 to 2008 thirty years, the reason from the United States to the mainland of Taiwan's main trading partners, analysis of the cross-strait economic and trade relations to strengthen the influence for the future of cross-strait political unity, and further pointed out that Taiwan's economic future in the mainland.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27;F752.9

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