论清代乡村公共秩序的形成与维护——以新出徽州禁约合同为视角

发布时间：2018-04-02 20:19

本文选题：禁约合同　切入点：乡村　出处：《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：禁约是清代乡村社会为保护风水、山林资源、生态环境和公益设施而公同议定的带有强制性规范内容的民间自治规约。从禁约合同的议定来看,乡村公共秩序的形成主要是在宗族、乡绅、地保、文会、乡约、会社等地方权威人物或组织的倡首下,由血缘和地缘范围内的民众公同讨论、集体协商后,通过特定仪式以成文的形式公之于众。合村或合族公议的禁约规条涉及日常生活实践中的信仰、生产、生态、公益、治安等公共秩序的诸多方面。乡村公共秩序的维护主要有赖于民众的力量对违禁者实施精神或物质性的惩罚,必要时借助于官府的权威,从而在官民互动中达致一种结构上的均衡。以禁约合同为代表的自治性规约与私人契约、国家律例共同绘制出一幅清代基层社会法律秩序的整体图景,对当下的基层群众自治具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Judging from the agreement of the proscription contract, the formation of rural public order was mainly initiated by local authoritative figures or organizations, such as clans, squire, land guards, literary associations, township conventions, associations, etc., and was discussed by people of consanguinity and geographical scope.After collective bargaining, a specific ritual is made public in written form.The proscription rules of the village or the common people involve many aspects of public order, such as belief, production, ecology, public welfare, public order and so on in the practice of daily life.The maintenance of rural public order mainly depends on the strength of the public to impose spiritual or material punishment on violators, if necessary with the help of the authority of the government, so as to achieve a structural balance in the interaction between the officials and the people.The autonomy statute and private contract, represented by the proscription contract, together draw a picture of the basic social legal order of Qing Dynasty, which has reference significance for the grassroots mass autonomy at present.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学法学院;
【基金】：2012年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“清至民国(1644-1949)徽州合同文书的辑释与研究”(12AFX004)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：C912.81;K25

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