抗战时期国统区农贷研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 01:05

本文选题：抗战时期　切入点：国统区　出处：《湘潭大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 抗战之前及战争的前期,我国农业生产萎缩,广大农村地区经济衰败,金融几近枯竭,使得粮食、棉花等物资缺乏,严重影响了对日战争与民众的生产生活。为了解决这些问题,国民政府在国统区大力推行农贷,改善农村金融,提高农业生产力,增加粮食等农作物的产量,就显得尤为必要了。战争爆发后大量的游资涌入国统区;同时国统区爆发的严重的粮食危机使得国民政府开始重视农业;战前实施的农贷所取的成效以及实施过程中的不足所带来的经验和教训;这些都为战时实施大规模的农贷提供了可能。农贷作为战时国民政府发展农业生产和农村经济的重要手段,必然会随着战争进程和当时深刻的社会、政治、经济背景的变化而调整。1937—1944年国统区的农贷经历了全面展开(1937—1939年)、调整(1940年)、顶峰(1941年)和收缩(1942—1944年)四个阶段。国民政府为战时农贷的推行制定了一系列的法规、政策和措施,对农贷的组织系统、对象、用途、种类、利率、期限、额度、担保、回收都有着具体的规定和要求。在运作中,不同地区、不同时间以及不同种类的农贷都具有一定的特点和差异性。战时国统区的农贷,使得大量资金投入农村和涉农部门,活跃了农村金融,提高了农业生产力,增加了粮食产量,为保证军需民食和抗战提供了保障,减少了灾、饥、流民,维护了社会稳定。同时也打击了高利贷,对整个农村的结构和成分的变化产生了影响。但战时农贷仍存在放贷数量少、农贷比例投入不合理、农贷手续复杂、农贷具体运作中有贪污腐化行为等方面问题,使得地主富户受益多,农民直接受益少。农贷实施在关键时刻实行紧缩等错误政策,使农贷所产生的作用有限,未能从根本改变当时整个农村的面貌。
[Abstract]:Before the War of Resistance against Japan and in the early stage of the war, the agricultural production of our country shrank, the economy of the vast rural areas declined, and the finance nearly dried up, which made the shortage of food, cotton and other materials, which seriously affected the war against Japan and the production and life of the people.In order to solve these problems, it is particularly necessary for the National Government to vigorously promote agricultural loans, improve rural finance, increase agricultural productivity and increase the output of crops such as grain in the areas under the control of the state.After the outbreak of the war, a large number of hot money poured into the Guo-controlled area, at the same time, the serious food crisis in the Guo-controlled area made the National Government begin to attach importance to agriculture, the effect of agricultural loans implemented before the war and the experience and lessons brought about by the insufficiency in the implementation process;All these made it possible to implement large-scale agricultural loans during the war.Agricultural loans, as an important means for the national government in wartime to develop agricultural production and rural economy, will inevitably follow the course of the war and the profound society and politics of that time.The economic background changed and the agricultural loans in the areas under the control of the state experienced four stages: comprehensive development and adjustment (1940, peak (1941) and contraction (1942-1944)).The National Government has formulated a series of laws and regulations, policies and measures for the implementation of agricultural loans in wartime, and has specific regulations and requirements on the organizational system, objects, uses, types, interest rates, duration, quotas, guarantees and recycling of agricultural loans.In operation, different regions, different time and different types of agricultural loans have certain characteristics and differences.The agricultural loans in the areas under the control of the state during the wartime led to a large amount of funds being invested in rural and agriculture-related departments, rural finance was invigorated, agricultural productivity was increased, grain production was increased, guarantees were provided for ensuring food for the army, the people and the people and the war of resistance against Japan, and disasters, hunger and displacement were reduced.Social stability has been maintained.At the same time also hit usury, the entire rural structure and composition of the change has been affected.However, there are still some problems in agricultural loans in wartime, such as the small amount of loans, the unreasonable proportion of agricultural loans, the complicated procedures of agricultural loans, the corrupt behavior in the operation of agricultural loans, and so on, which make the landlords and rich households benefit more, and the peasants benefit less directly.The implementation of agricultural loan in the key moment of the implementation of austerity and other wrong policies, so that the role of agricultural loans is limited, and failed to fundamentally change the face of the entire rural area at that time.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K265

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