晚清时期典当业研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 07:23

本文选题：晚清时期　切入点：典当业　出处：《河北大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：学术界对典当业已有一些深入研究,但对于典当业在晚清这样一个特殊时期的发展变迁却尚未有全面研究。本文通过对这一时期典当业一些问题的探讨以期在一定程度上弥补前人研究的不足。典当业发展至清中期达到顶峰,但至晚清时期,鉴于连年战乱、经济疲敝及其他金融行业的冲击等多重原因,使得典当业显现出衰落的迹象。笔者通过调查研究发现,虽然全国典当业整体数量趋于减少,但这种减少的趋势表现为东部沿海地区受损较大,而内陆地区,则相对稳定并有所发展。从全国整体的角度看,经过政府的扶持和典当业的自救,晚清典当业仍呈现出一种发展的趋势。居于典当业自身发展的角度,由于晚清时期社会经济发生剧变,典当业于资本、组织、经营等多方面在继承传统的基础上,体现出为迎合新的社会经济形式而做出的调整。晚清时期发典生息制度在继承前朝制度的基础上,受到新的社会经济环境的影响而出现了一些新的变化。典当的税捐方面,在晚清时期由于国家经济疲敝、灾难频发而不断增加,使得典当的负担大大增加,从而使得晚清时期典当业的税率不断变化波动。典当业以其独特的运营模式被称为“平民金融”,为社会各阶层所依赖。典当业一方面能够缓解民众的资金需求从而为民众所依赖,而另一方面其又是通过高利贷剥削民众的罪魁祸首,这种双重性自典当业自成立之初就存在的,随着典当业的发展,其剥削性更为突出,从而为后人所诟病。但不可否认,典当业以其独特的经营模式在晚清复杂的金融环境中得以生存并对金融资本、商品经济的发展产生积极作用的,这是难能可贵的。
[Abstract]:The academic circles have made some deep research on pawnbroking, but there has not been a comprehensive study on the development and changes of pawnbroking in such a special period of the late Qing Dynasty.This paper discusses some problems of pawnbroking in this period in order to make up for the shortcomings of previous studies.Pawnbroking reached its peak in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, but in the late Qing Dynasty, the pawnshop showed signs of decline due to years of war, economic weakness and the impact of other financial industries.Through investigation and study, the author finds that although the whole quantity of pawn industry in China tends to decrease, the trend of this decrease is that the eastern coastal area is damaged greatly, while the inland area is relatively stable and developed.From the point of view of the whole country, the pawnbroking industry in the late Qing Dynasty still showed a trend of development through the support of the government and the self-rescue of pawnbroking.In the perspective of the development of pawnbroking industry, because of the social and economic changes in the late Qing Dynasty, pawnbroking in capital, organization, management and other aspects on the basis of inheriting the tradition, reflects the adjustment to meet the new social and economic forms.In the late Qing Dynasty, on the basis of inheriting the former system, some new changes appeared because of the influence of the new social and economic environment.In the late Qing Dynasty, the tax burden of pawnbroking increased greatly because the national economy was depressed and disasters occurred frequently, which made the tax rate of pawnbroking fluctuate continuously in the late Qing Dynasty.Pawnbroker is called "civilian finance" because of its unique operation mode, which is relied on by all social strata.On the one hand, pawnbroking can alleviate the people's demand for funds and be relied on by the public, on the other hand, it is the chief culprit of exploiting the public through usury. This duality has existed since the establishment of pawnbroking, and with the development of pawnbroking,Its exploitative nature is more prominent, thus be criticized by later generations.But it is undeniable that pawnbroking can survive in the complex financial environment of the late Qing Dynasty with its unique management model and has a positive effect on the development of financial capital and commodity economy, which is commendable.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252;F832.38

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